-de

See also: Appendix:Variations of "de"

Afrikaans

Etymology

Inherited from Dutch -de.

Suffix

-de

1. -st, -th, -nd; Forms ordinal numbers from cardinal numbers.

   ‎twee + ‎-de → ‎tweede

   ‎nege + ‎-de → ‎negende

Usage notes

The ordinal numbers 2 to 19, except for 8, are formed with this suffix. The ordinals of 1, 8 and numbers greater than 19 are formed with -ste, except where hundred, thousand, etc., combine with a number between 2 and 19, for example honderd-en-tweede (“hundred and second”), honderd-en-vyfde (“hundred and fifth”), but honderd-en-agtste (“hundred and eighth”).

The suffix can also be written after a number written in digits (2de, 9de).

Coordinate terms

• -ste

Ahtna

Alternative forms

• -den (appears only in the word tsʼiłden (“once”))

Etymology

Compare Navajo -di, Hupa -ding, both serving multiplicative suffixes.

Suffix

-de

1. forms adverbs from numerals with a meaning of "a certain number of times" or "(in) a certain number of places;" equivalent to English -ce in once, twice, thrice.

Derived terms

Ahtna terms suffixed with -de

dencʼii ukʼetde

gistaande

gistaani ukʼetde

hwlazaande

kontsʼaghde

kontsʼaghi ukʼetde

kʼetnes ukʼetde

naade

nadaeggi ukʼetde

taade

taakʼi ukʼetde

tsʼiłden

tsʼiłkʼey kolde

tsʼiłkʼey kole ukʼetde

tsʼiłkʼey ukʼetde

ukʼetde

łkʼedencʼiden

łkʼedencʼih ukʼetde

ʼałtsʼende

ʼałtsʼeni ukʼetde

References

• Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 151