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-ek

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ek"

Basque

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ek

  1. Ergative plural suffix.
    Txakurrek katuak jan dituzte. ― The dogs have eaten the cats.
Declension
More information indefinite, singular ...

Etymology 2

From -e- (epenthetic vowel) +‎ -k (ergative suffix).

Suffix

-ek

  1. allomorphic post-consonantal form of -k (ergative indefinite suffix)
Declension
More information indefinite, singular ...
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Breton

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ek

  1. Adjectival suffix
    ‎douar (“earth”) + ‎-ek → ‎douarek (“earthy, earthly”)
    ‎dour (“water”) + ‎-ek → ‎dourek (“watery, humid”)
    ‎houarn (“iron”) + ‎-ek → ‎houarnek (“ferrous”)

Derived terms

Breton terms suffixed with -ek
atomek
barvek
brezhonek
divyezhek
douarek
dourek
froudennek
hollek
houarnek
izotopek
kevrinek
leonek
loaek
neutronek
pennek
silabennek
speredek
traezhek
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Cornish

Etymology

Derived from Proto-Celtic *-ākos.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ek

  1. Adjectival suffix
    ‎mor (“sea”) + ‎-ek → ‎morek (“maritime”)
    ‎spern (“thorn bushes”) + ‎-ek → ‎spernek (“thorny”)
    ‎Frynk (“France”) + ‎-ek → ‎frynkek (“French”)
  2. Adjectival suffix denoting abundance
    ‎ys (“corn”) + ‎-ek → ‎ysek (“abounding in corn”)
    ‎pysk (“fish”) + ‎-ek → ‎pyskek (“abounding in fish”)
  3. Adjectival suffix denoting prominence; "having big X"
    ‎lagas (“eye”) + ‎-ek → ‎lagasek (“big-eyed”)
    ‎troos (“foot”) + ‎-ek → ‎tròsek (“big-footed”)
    ‎skovarn (“ear”) + ‎-ek → ‎skovarnek (“big-eared”)

Suffix

-ek m (plural -ogyon or -oges)

  1. Forms masculine nouns
    ‎kroghen (“skin”) + ‎-ek → ‎kronek (“toad”)
    ‎dren (“thorn”) + ‎-ek → ‎drenek (“spurdog”)

Suffix

-ek f (plural -egi)

  1. Forms feminine nouns denoting a place where something is abundant
    ‎enys (“island”) + ‎-ek → ‎enesek (“archipelago”)
    ‎lytheren (“letter, character”) + ‎-ek → ‎lytherennek (“alphabet”)
    ‎pysk (“fish”) + ‎-ek → ‎pyskek (“fishing-ground”)

Suffix

-ek

  1. Verbal ending
    ‎res (“race, course”) + ‎-ek → ‎resek (“to run, race”)

Derived terms

Cornish terms suffixed with -ek
abostolek
Almaynek
arghantinek
bahamek
bahrainek
bangladeshek
boghosek
botswanek
degynsywek
devisyek
drenek
enesek
europek
euthyk
fijiek
frenkek
Frenkek
frynkek
Frynkek
gallosek
ganowek
gelvinek
Godhalek
godhalek
golvanek
gwavek
gwlanek
howlyek
ikonek
isotopek
iwerdhonek
Iwerdhonek
keherek
kennek
keunegi
kevrennek
krestennek
kronek
lasek
lostek
lytherennek
marghek
morek
nuklerek
palvek
pryvylejek
rudhek
sawrek
skovarnek
sowsnek
Sowsnek
spernek
stifek
togolesek
tonganek
tredanek
trinidadiek
tunisiek
tuvaluek
ugandek
urugwayek
vanuatuek
venezwelek
vietnamek
wordhenek
Wordhenek
yemenek

References

  • 2020, An Gerlyver Meur, ed. Dr Ken George (3rd edition, p.184)

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech -ek, from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ek m inan or m anim (noun-forming suffix)

  1. forms masculine (mostly diminutive) nouns
    ‎stůl + ‎-ek → ‎stolek
    ‎list + ‎-ek → ‎lístek
    ‎svatý + ‎-ek → ‎svátek
    ‎políbit + ‎-ek → ‎polibek
    ‎před + ‎-ek → ‎předek

Declension

inanimate:

Declension of -ek (velar masculine inanimate reducible)
More information singular, plural ...

animate:

Declension of -ek (velar masculine animate reducible)
More information singular, plural ...

Derived terms

Czech terms suffixed with -ek
bachorek
báchorek
beránek
bezzemek
bělásek
bloček
bloudek
Bolek
brousek
břichopásek
budníček
buřňáček
bůžek
cípek
čípek
čížek
článek
čmeláček
čpavek
čtvrtek
Davídek
dárek
dobytek
domeček
domek
doplněk
dostatek
drahoušek
Drábek
drápek
důlek
dvorek
fanoušek
Fornůsek
fousek
Havlíček
háček
hájek
hlaváček
holeček
holoubek
holubníček
houdek
hranolek
hrádeček
hrádek
hrnek
hříbek
hříšek
chlápek
Jakubek
Janek
jehelníček
jeřábek
jespáček
ježeček
ježek
Ježíšek
kadeřávek
kameníček
klíček
klínek
klouzek
knedlíček
kočárek
Koláček
kolárek
kolek
koloušek
koníček
kosáček
kosíček
kousek
koutek
kozáček
krček
krtek
křeček
křesťánek
křížek
kulíšek
lepek
levoboček
libohlásek
línek
lísteček
lososek
louskáček
lupínek
mazlíček
medvídek
měsíček
měšeček
míšek
mladíček
mníšek
motýlek
mozeček
můstek
Mysliveček
nadbřišek
nadpažek
nazdárek
náhrobek
náhubek
náměstek
náramek
neurčitek
neználek
-níček
norek
nůsek
obleček
obrázek
obušek
ocásek
oddenek
odlitek
odřezek
oharek
ohryzek
okolek
Ondrášek
oráček
orlíček
oříšek
pačesek
padělek
pahorek
pahrbek
pacholek
papírek
parchantek
párek
pátek
pejsek
plánek
plátek
počinek
počitek
podbřišek
podpatek
podvozek
pohlavek
Poláček
polibek
políček
polštářek
poplatek
pozemek
poznatek
požadavek
prášek
prohřešek
prostředek
prostůrek
prosťáček
prožitek
prvek
předsudek
přestupek
připínáček
přídomek
případek
přípitek
příspěvek
přístěnek
přístřešek
přívěsek
přívlastek
Ptáček
raneček
rezohlávek
roček
rozsudek
Rožánek
rváček
řebříček
řízek
sáňky
sedmihlásek
sešítek
sirotek
sklípek
skřivánek
skutek
sládek
slitek
sloupek
slovníček
snímek
snížek
sokolíček
souček
spánek
spolek
stoleček
stolek
strnádek
stroječek

Further reading

  • -ek in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
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Hungarian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From -e- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (plural suffix).

Suffix

-ek

  2. (plural suffix) -s, -es
    ‎kert (“garden”) + ‎-ek → ‎kertek (“gardens”)
Usage notes
  • (plural suffix) Variants:
    -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    ‎nő (“woman”) + ‎-k → ‎nők (“women”)
    ‎fa (“tree”) + ‎-k → ‎fák (“trees”)
    ‎csésze (“cup”) + ‎-k → ‎csészék (“cups”)
    -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    ‎ház (“house”) + ‎-ak → ‎házak (“houses”)
    -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    ‎pad (“bench”) + ‎-ok → ‎padok (“benches”)
    -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    ‎kert (“garden”) + ‎-ek → ‎kertek (“gardens”)
    ‎könyv (“book”) + ‎-ek → ‎könyvek (“books”)
    -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    ‎kör (“circle”) + ‎-ök → ‎körök (“circles”)
  • Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (“three books”), néhány óra múlva (“in a few hours’ time”). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (“the Three Magi”), mindenszentek (“All Saints”), and certain archaic phrases with összes (“all”) and minden (“every”) (see their Usage notes).
  • The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (“smart/clever ones”). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (“Italians”), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (“green ones”), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
  • If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (“players”, noun) and játékosak (“playful”, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (“acquaintances”, noun) and ismerősek (“familiar”, adjective as part of a plural predicate).

Etymology 2

From -e- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (personal suffix).

Suffix

-ek

  2. (personal suffix) Forms the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
    ‎kér (“to ask, request”) + ‎-ek → ‎kérek (“I ask, I am asking”)
    Engedélyt kérek a távozásra. ― I request permission to leave.
Usage notes
    Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
More information Person, Back vowel ...
  • (personal suffix) Variants:
    -ok is added to back-vowel verbs
    -ek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs
    -ök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs
    -om may be added to back-vowel -ik verbs
    -em may be added to unrounded front-vowel -ik verbs
    -öm may be added to rounded front-vowel -ik verbs

See also

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Mokilese

Suffix

-ek

  1. Used to form intransitive verbs

Usage notes

This suffix sometimes becomes -iek after a vowel.

Derived terms

Mokilese terms suffixed with -ek
awalek
diarek
jaladek
jarek
karroahk
kidimek
kilelehk
kurujek
mweidek
nihdek
nikidek
peidek
pwujiek
rapwijek
ukudek
wadek
wilikek

Northern Kurdish

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ek (Arabic spelling ـەک)

  1. (affixed to words ending in a consonant) alternative form of -yek (“a, an (indefinite article)”)

Northern Ohlone

Alternative forms

  • -k (before vowels)

Etymology

Cognate with Southern Ohlone kan-.

Pronoun

-ek

  1. I (first-person, singular, subject enclitic pronoun)

See also

More information person, subject ...

1 Disjunctive is mostly used in copular sentences or for emphasis, either alone (eg. kaana) or with a clitic (eg. kaana-k ...-ek).
2 Null morpheme. An unmarked verb implies a third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives waaka and wiš may also be used.
Note: Proclitic and enclitic forms can combine and undergo syncope, eg. ellešk (“let me do to him/her/it”) = elle +‎ -eš +‎ -ek

References

  • María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s), Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Languages)‎, Unpublished
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Old Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Slavic *-kъ
Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ
Old Polish -ek

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

    Pronunciation

    Suffix

    -ek m

    1. forms nouns
      ‎plecy + ‎-ek → ‎oplecek

    Derived terms

    Old Polish terms suffixed with -ek
    baranek
    bobek
    bratek
    bębenek
    chrzęstek
    czołnek
    czwartek
    fijołek
    gwarek
    norek
    oplecek
    otcinek
    ozimek
    piątek
    poniedziałek
    przypadek
    skutek
    użytek
    wyrodek
    zajutrek
    związek
    środek

    Descendants

    • Polish: -ek
    • Silesian: -ek

    Polish

    Etymology

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *-kos
    Proto-Slavic *-kъ
    Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ
    Old Polish -ek
    Polish -ek

      Inherited from Old Polish -ek.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ɛk/
      • Audio:(file)
      • Rhymes: -ɛk
      • Syllabification: -ek

      Suffix

      -ek m

      1. masculine diminutive noun suffix
        ‎dół + ‎-ek → ‎dołek
        ‎Jarosław + ‎-ek → ‎Jarek

      Declension

      Masculine personal:

      Declension of -ek
      More information singular, plural ...

      Note: The masculine personal nominative plural ending -ki is rare and mostly limited to depreciative forms or humorous expressions such as bawidamek, gagatek, złodziejaszek, hultajek, psotniczek, łobuziaczek.

      Masculine animate:

      Declension of -ek
      More information singular, plural ...

      Masculine inanimate:

      Declension of -ek
      More information singular, plural ...

      Derived terms

      Polish terms suffixed with -ek
      abażurek
      abelek
      ablegierek
      acetylenek
      achtelek
      Adamek
      adapterek
      Adasiek
      aksamitek
      akumulatorek
      ałkirzeczek
      aminek
      amomek
      amorek
      ancymonek
      Andrzejek
      angrystek
      animek
      aniołeczek
      aniołek
      antałeczek
      Antek
      antymonek
      anyżek
      arsenek
      -aszek
      atłasek
      autorek
      azotek
      azydek
      ażurek
      bacherek
      bachorek
      bachurek
      baczek
      badianek
      badylek
      Bajorek
      balasek
      Balcerek
      baldaszek
      baliczek
      balonek
      bałwanek
      bamboszek
      Banaszek
      baniaczek
      baraczek
      baraneczek
      baranek
      barek
      baronek
      Bartek
      batożek
      bawidamek
      bazarek
      bąbelek
      bączek
      beczek
      bednarczuczek
      Bednarek
      befsztyczek
      beniaminek
      berlaczek
      bezlotek
      bębenek
      białek
      bicek
      biedaczek
      bielinek
      bimberek
      Biniek
      Bisztynek
      bliźniaczek
      bloczek
      blondasek
      blondynek
      bławatek
      błazenek
      błękitek
      błyszczek
      bobasek
      bobek
      bocheneczek
      Bochenek
      bochenek
      bocianek
      bociek
      boczek
      bodiaczek
      bogatek
      bohomazek
      borek
      borki
      botek
      bożek
      bratek
      Braunek
      breloczek
      brifkorz
      bromek
      browek
      brożek
      brzeżek
      brzęczek
      brzuszek
      bubek
      buciczek
      buczek
      buduarek
      budyneczek
      bułanek
      buraczek
      burek
      Burek
      bursztynek
      buziaczek
      bycecek
      byczek
      bygielek
      Bzdek
      całusek
      cedziłek
      charakterek
      cherek
      cherubinek
      chlebaczek
      chlebek
      chlorek
      chlorowodorek
      chłodek
      chodaczek
      chodniczek
      chomiczek
      chowanki
      chórek
      chrobotek
      chrupek
      chujek
      chytrusek
      cielaczek
      ciemnolubek
      cierniczek
      ciężarek
      ciuszek
      cołnek
      cudaczek
      cukiereczek
      cukierek
      cwaniaczek
      cybuszek
      cycek
      Cyganek
      cyganek
      cyjanek
      cymbałki
      cynek
      cytrynek
      czajniczek
      -czak
      Czarek
      czebrotek
      człowieczek
      czopek
      czosnaczek
      czternastolatek
      czterolatek
      czubek
      czułek
      czwartek
      Czwartek
      czworaczek
      -czy
      -czyk
      czyścioszek
      ćwiliszek
      Darek
      daszek
      dąbek
      dekielek
      delfinek
      deserek
      dębek
      diabełek
      diasek
      dłubek
      dobitek
      docinek
      doczynek
      doglądek
      dojadek
      doktorek
      dołeczek
      dołek
      domeczek
      domek
      dopisek
      dorobek
      dowcipek
      draszek
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      Serbo-Croatian

      Suffix

      -ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)

      1. Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs or nouns to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.

      See also

      Suffix

      -ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)

      1. (Kajkavian) Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a performer, feature, human relation, result of an action, object, diminutive or a proper name.
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      Silesian

      Etymology

      Etymology tree
      Proto-Indo-European *-kos
      Proto-Slavic *-kъ
      Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ
      Old Polish -ek
      Silesian -ek

        Inherited from Old Polish -ek.

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /ɛk/
        • Rhymes: -ɛk
        • Syllabification: -ek

        Suffix

        -ek m

        1. forms nouns, often diminutive
          ‎barōn + ‎-ek → ‎baranek

        Derived terms

        Silesian terms suffixed with -ek
        baranek
        brōwek
        bymbynek
        hanyszek
        kokotek
        macek
        miesiōnczek
        miyszek
        piestrzōnek
        piōntek
        porzōndek
        przipŏdek
        Pōnbōczek
        pōniedziałek
        pŏsek
        synek
        sztwŏrtek
        użytek
        zwiōnzek
        ôplecek

        Turkish

        Alternative forms

        Etymology

        Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـك (-ek), from Proto-Turkic *-gek.

        Pronunciation

        Suffix

        -ek

        1. Creates nouns out of verbs.

        Derived terms

        Turkish terms suffixed with -ek
        bulak
        dirsek
        elek
        erek
        işlek
        kaynak
        kürek
        tarak
        ürkek

        Yup'ik

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