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-el

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "el"

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English -el, from Old English -el, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

Alternative forms

Suffix

-el

  2. Suffix forming nouns, originally denoting an instrument, from verbs, usually spelt -le except after n and e.
    runnel, shovel, dotel
  4. Diminutive suffix in words of Germanic origin.
    Synonyms: (suffixes) -cule, -ee, -et, -ette, -icle, -ie, -kin, -le, -let, -ling, -ole, -ule, -y, (prefixes) mini-, micro-, nano-
    hatchel, hovel, gomerel

Etymology 2

From Middle English -el, a merger of two suffixes:

Suffix

-el

  1. Suffix, originally diminutive, in words of mostly Romance origin.
    cupel, chapel, tunnel
Derived terms
English terms suffixed with -el
barbel
chevronel
cordel
cudgel
cupel
dotel
gavel
ginnel
hardel
hovel
-elic
lapel
legumelin
lintel
Mariel
morel
newel
shool
shovel
sorrel
swivel
thrashel
threshel
whimbrel

Anagrams

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Abenaki

Suffix

-el

  1. Used on verbs, together with the prefix k-, to indicate that the first person singular (I) is the actor and the second person singular (you) is the object of the verb.
    n'kezalmô
    I love
    k'kezalmel
    I love you (singular)

Usage notes

The suffix is spelled -ol by some writers.

See also

Breton

Etymology

Cf. French -el (e.g. sexuel, individuel, industriel)

Suffix

-el

  1. To make an adjective of a noun; -al
    ‎broad (“nation”) + ‎-el → ‎broadel (“national”)

Derived terms

Breton terms suffixed with -el
benel
bonreizhel
broadel
eskobel
gourel
gwregel
santel
speredel

Cornish

Etymology

Likely borrowed from English -al.

Suffix

-el

  1. Forming adjectives from nouns: -al
    ‎elven (“element”) + ‎-el → ‎elvennel (“elemental”)
    ‎breus (“judgement”) + ‎-el → ‎breusel (“critical”)

Derived terms

Cornish terms suffixed with -el
abasel
adhyskoniethel
aghel
densel
dentethyel
dernigel
elvennel
geryel
kewsel
kinyewel
laghel
lemmel
leverel
lewsel
mathematigel
torthel
ughel

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech -el, from Proto-Slavic *-ьlъ, *-ъlъ. This suffix should be etymologically masculine. In the Old Czech, it was and the similar feminine suffix was -ěl, but these two suffixes have merged into one today. See e.g. Old Czech kúpěl –> koupel (instead of expected koupěl).

Pronunciation

Suffix

-el m anim or m inan or f (noun-forming suffix)

  1. forms nouns
    ‎koza + ‎-el → ‎kozel
    ‎pleva + ‎-el → ‎plevel
    ‎koupat + ‎-el → ‎koupel

Declension

masculine animate (hard)
Declension of -el (hard masculine animate reducible)
More information singular, plural ...
masculine inanimate (hard or soft)
Declension of -el (hard masculine inanimate reducible)
More information singular, plural ...
Declension of -el (soft masculine inanimate)
More information singular, plural ...
Declension of -el (soft masculine inanimate reducible)
More information singular, plural ...
feminine (soft)
Declension of -el (soft zero-ending feminine)
More information singular, plural ...

Derived terms

Czech terms suffixed with -el
koupel
obratel
plevel
prdel
svízel
šťavel
živel

Further reading

  • -el in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
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Danish

Etymology

From French -el, from Latin -ālis.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-el

  1. -al
    Synonym: -al

Declension

More information positive, comparative ...

1 When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2 The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

(Adjectives)

More information neuter gender, singular ...

(Neuter nouns)

Derived terms

Danish terms suffixed with -el
finansiel
funktionel
industriel
konstitutionel
seksuel
subkulturel
traditionel

References

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Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *-el, from Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. probably more than one etymology involved

Pronunciation

Suffix

-el (unproductive)

  2. forms diminutive nouns
    ‎koren + ‎-el → ‎korrel
  4. forms noun denoting an instrument
    Synonym: -er
    ‎sluiten + ‎-el → ‎sleutel

Derived terms

Dutch terms suffixed with -el (diminutive)
bochel
bottel
bundel
bussel
druppel
eikel
greppel
grondel
gruwel
hommel
ijzel
keutel
kinkel
knoedel
knokkel
korrel
krekel
kruimel
pukkel
ribbel
stengel
stippel
tepel
trommel
vaandel
vezel
Dutch terms suffixed with -el (instrument)
beitel
beugel
gordel
griffel
hengel
klepel
lepel
schoffel
schrepel
sleutel
spil
spindel
stempel
teugel
vleugel
wrongel
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Esperanto

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)

Suffix

-el

  1. in [...] way
    -el is the ending for correlatives of manner or degree

Derived terms

  • kiel (“in what way, in what manner, how”)
  • tiel (“in that way, in that manner, thus”)
  • ĉiel (“in every way, in every manner”)
  • iel (“in some way, in some manner, somehow”)
  • neniel (“in no way, nohow”)
  • (nonce) aliel (“in another way, somehow else”)

Franco-Provençal

Pronoun

-el f

  1. postpositive form of el

French

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālis
Old French -el
French -el

    Inherited from Old French -el, from Latin -ālis. Doublet of -al.

    Pronunciation

    Suffix

    -el (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -elle, masculine plural -els, feminine plural -elles)

    1. forms adjectives from nouns: -al

    Derived terms

    French terms suffixed with -el
    accidentel
    additionnel
    anticonceptionnel
    antigravitationnel
    ascensionnel
    assurantiel
    attentionnel
    bactériel
    caractériel
    catégoriel
    charnel
    civilisationnel
    collisionnel
    compassionnel
    computationnel
    configurationnel
    conformationnel
    confusionnel
    conjoncturel
    constitutionnel
    contextuel
    contractuel
    conventionnel
    conversationnel
    décisionnel
    définitionnel
    démentiel
    dérivationnel
    dimensionnel
    directionnel
    émotionnel
    -elet
    exceptionnel
    flexionnel
    fonctionnel
    fractionnel
    fusionnel
    générationnel
    gestationnel
    gravitationnel
    infrastructurel
    institutionnel
    intentionnel
    -élique
    juridictionnel
    lessiviel
    mutuel
    nutritionnel
    observationnel
    obsessionnel
    occasionnel
    omnidirectionnel
    opérationnel
    oppositionnel
    optionnel
    organisationnel
    originel
    paternel
    populationnel
    positionnel
    postpositionnel
    prépositionnel
    prévisionnel
    professionnel
    proportionnel
    provisionnel
    réactionnel
    rédactionnel
    relationnel
    résiduel
    sacramentel
    sensationnel
    sériel
    situationnel
    structurel
    superficiel
    traditionnel
    traductionnel
    transactionnel
    transcriptionnel
    transfusionnel
    transitionnel
    vibrationnel

    Descendants

    • → Danish: -el
    • → Dutch: -eel
      • Afrikaans: -eel
      • → Indonesian: -il
    • → German: -ell
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: -ell
    • → Norwegian Nynorsk: -ell
    • → Swedish: -ell
    • → Turkish: -sel
    • → Yiddish: ־על (-el)

    See also

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    German

    Etymology

    From Middle High German -el, from Old High German -il, direct descendant of Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz, or from dialectal variants of -lein, which as well ultimately go back to *-ilaz or to *-ilingaz.

    Pronunciation

    Suffix

    -el n or m

    1. (productive, regional, Upper German) suffix in diminutives
      ‎Kind (“child”) + ‎-el → ‎Kindel (“little child, darling”)
      ‎Haus (“house”) + ‎-el → ‎Häusel (“little house”)
    2. suffix in nouns indicating appurtenance, i.e. accessories or things subordinate to a bigger entity
      ‎Arm (“arm”) + ‎-el → ‎Ärmel (“sleeve”)
      ‎Eiche (“oak”) + ‎-el → ‎Eichel (“acorn”)
    3. suffix in agent and instrumental nouns
      Büttel, Meißel, Weisel

    Derived terms

    German terms suffixed with -el
    Ärmel
    Bändel
    Beuschel
    Budel
    Bündel
    Deckel
    Dünkel
    Eichel
    Gössel
    Graupel
    Griffel
    Häusel
    Hebel
    Hendl
    Henkel
    Knödel
    Kreisel
    Krügel
    Kumpel
    Kürzel
    Kuschel
    Mädel
    Mädelchen
    Pickel
    Ringel
    Röteln
    Salzstangel
    Schaffel
    Scharmützel
    Schätzel
    Schnitzel
    Schussel
    Schwertel
    Spargel
    Spitzel
    Stößel
    Ungustl
    Weisel
    Wendel
    Wichtel
    Zettel
    Zipfel
    Zottel

    Further reading

    • “-el” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
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    Hungarian

    Etymology

    From -e- +‎ -l.

    Pronunciation

    Suffix

    -el

    2. (personal suffix) Forms the second-person singular present tense of verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
      ‎keres (“to seek”) + ‎-el → ‎keresel (“you seek, you are seeking”)
    4. (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb.
      ‎ebéd (“lunch”) + ‎-el → ‎ebédel (“to eat lunch”)
    6. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun. No longer productive in this role.
      ‎lep (“to cover”) + ‎-el → ‎lepel (“wrap”)

    Usage notes

        Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
    More information Person, Back vowel ...
    • (personal suffix) Variants:
      -sz added to verbs not in the categories listed below
      ‎vár (“to wait”) + ‎-sz → ‎vársz (“you wait, you are waiting”)
      -asz added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
      ‎hall (“to hear”) + ‎-asz → ‎hallasz (“you hear, you are hearing”)
      ‎tanít (“to teach”) + ‎-asz → ‎tanítasz (“you teach, you are teaching”)
      -esz added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
      ‎dönt (“to decide”) + ‎-esz → ‎döntesz (“you decide, you are deciding”)
      ‎segít (“to help”) + ‎-esz → ‎segítesz (“you help, you are helping”)
      -ol added to back-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
      ‎olvas (“to read”) + ‎-ol → ‎olvasol (“you read, you are reading”)
      -el added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
      ‎vesz (“to buy”) + ‎-el → ‎veszel (“you buy, you are buying”)
      -öl added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
      ‎főz (“to cook”) + ‎-öl → ‎főzöl (“you cook, you are cooking”)
    • (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
      -l is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final long vowels may shorten, e.g. ű → ü.
      -ol is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -al is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -el is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -öl is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -ál is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

    Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix, -z/-oz/-az/-ez/-öz/-áz or -zik/-ozik/-azik/-ezik/-özik.

    • (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
      -al is added to back-vowel words
      -el is added to front-vowel words

    Derived terms

    Hungarian verbs suffixed with -el
    becsmérel
    bélel
    bérel
    bilincsel
    cipel
    ciripel
    csépel
    csiripel
    csirizel
    dinsztel
    ebédel
    ecsetel
    elégel
    engesztel
    esdekel
    eszel
    énekel
    érdemel
    értékel
    érvel
    érzékel
    fecsérel
    felel
    felesel
    flexel
    földel
    fűrészel
    gépel
    hangszerel
    helyesel
    híresztel
    igényel
    indexel
    ingerel
    irigyel
    ismétel
    jegyzetel
    jelel
    kedvel
    kegyel
    kelepel
    keresztel
    kertel
    kezel
    képzel
    kicsinyel
    követel
    legel
    lékel
    licencel
    mellékel
    menetel
    merészel
    mérlegel
    mézel
    mível
    művel
    nevel
    növel
    nyergel
    ölel
    perel
    pénzel
    rendel
    reszel
    rímel
    síel
    sliccel
    spriccel
    stimmel
    stresszel
    strichel
    süvegel
    szeletel
    szemel
    szemetel
    szentel
    szerepel
    szexel
    székel
    szigetel
    szível
    szkennel
    szünetel
    tercel
    terel
    terhel
    termel
    tervel
    tesztel
    térdel
    térdepel
    tippel
    tisztel
    ünnepel
    üzemel
    üzletel
    vendégel
    vezérel
    viccel
    vizel
    vízisíel
    zsebel
    Hungarian nouns suffixed with -el
    kimenetel
    lepel

    See also

    Low German

    Etymology 1

    From Middle Low German -el, from Old Saxon -il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

    Suffix

    -el m

    1. Suffix forming nouns originally denoting an agent from verbs.
      Lepel, Snavel, Stickel

    Etymology 2

    From Middle Low German -ling. Result of resegmentation of nouns with -el and -ing suffixes. See the English suffix -ling. Akin to English, Dutch and German -ling.

    Suffix

    -el m

    1. A suffix that describes a male person (or other creature) in terms of a place of origin or a quality, as defined by the root to which it is added. Now often replaced by a compound with Jung for a male person, and Deern for a female person such as Lehrjung, Lehrdeern (male/female pupil).
    Derived terms

    Middle English

    Etymology 1

      From Old English -el, -ol, from Proto-West Germanic *-ul, from Proto-Germanic *-ulaz.

      Alternative forms

      Pronunciation

      Suffix

      -el

      1. Forms adjectives meaning "tending to" or "able to" from verbs.
      Derived terms
      Middle English terms suffixed with -el (adjectival)
      gripel
      hatel
      Descendants
      References

      Etymology 2

        From Old English -el, -ol, from Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

        Alternative forms

        Pronunciation

        Suffix

        -el

        1. Forms diminutives from verbs or other nouns.
        2. Forms agent nouns from verbs or other nouns.
        Derived terms
        Middle English terms suffixed with -el (agentive)
        bridel
        bristel
        crepel
        hakle
        honysokel
        kernel
        knoble
        kyndel
        schakel
        snarl
        spangel
        sparkel
        spyndel
        swathel
        tasel
        thymbyll
        tredel
        tridel
        wrot
        -ling
        Descendants
        References

        Etymology 3

          From Old French -el, -ele, from Latin -ālis and -ellus, -ella.

          Alternative forms

          Pronunciation

          • IPA(key): /-ˈɛːl(ə)/, /-ɛl(ə)/

          Suffix

          -el

          1. Forms diminutives from verbs or other nouns.
          Derived terms
          Middle English terms suffixed with -el (diminutive)
          canel
          frountel
          marinel
          panel
          plater
          potell
          sorel
          trestel
          whytel
          Descendants

          Etymology 4

          Suffix

          -el

          1. alternative form of -al

          Etymology 5

          Suffix

          -el

          1. alternative form of -elen

          Norman

          Etymology

          From Old French -el, from Latin -ālis.

          Suffix

          -el

          1. makes an adjectival form of a noun; -al

          Derived terms

          Norman terms suffixed with -el
          îndustriel
          vocâtionnel

          Old Czech

          Etymology

          Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьlъ, *-ъlъ.

          Suffix

          -el m pers or m animal or m inan (noun-forming suffix)

          1. forms nouns
            ‎koza + ‎-el → ‎kozel
            ‎s- + viezti + ‎-el → ‎sviezel

          Derived terms

          Old Czech terms suffixed with -el
          prdel
          sviezel

          Descendants

          See also

          • -ěl

          Old English

          Pronunciation

          Etymology 1

          From Proto-Germanic *-a-l-.

          Suffix

          -el

          1. alternative form of -ol

          Etymology 2

          From Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

          Alternative forms

          Suffix

          -el

          1. (causes i-mutation) agent and instrumental suffix creating nouns from verbs
            ‎crēopan (“to creep”) + ‎-el → ‎crypel (“cripple”)
            ‎bēodan (“to command”) + ‎-el → ‎bydel (“herald, messenger”)
            ‎spittan (“to dig”) + ‎-el → ‎spitel (“shovel”)
            ‎hladan (“to lade”) + ‎-el → ‎hlædel (“ladle”)
            ‎þrēapian (“to reprove, reprehend”) + ‎-el → ‎þrīpel (“instrument of punishment, cross”)
          Declension
          More information singular, plural ...
          Descendants

          Old French

          Pronunciation

          Etymology 1

          Etymology tree
          Proto-Italic *-ālis
          Latin -ālis
          Old French -el

            Inherited from Latin -ālis, from Proto-Italic *-ālis.

            Suffix

            -el

            1. used to form an adjective
            Derived terms
            Old French terms suffixed with -el (adjective)
            grisel
            Descendants
            • French: -el
              • → Danish: -el
              • → Dutch: -eel
              • → German: -ell
              • → Norwegian Bokmål: -ell
              • → Norwegian Nynorsk: -ell
              • → Swedish: -ell
              • → Turkish: -sel
              • → Yiddish: ־על (-el)

            Etymology 2

            Etymology tree
            Proto-Indo-European *-lós
            Proto-Italic *-elos
            Latin -ulus
            Latin -ellus
            Old French -el

              Inherited from Latin -ellus, from -ulus, from Proto-Italic *-elos, from Proto-Indo-European *-lós.

              Suffix

              -el

              1. used to form a diminutive
              Derived terms
              Old French terms suffixed with -el (diminutive)
              batel
              bendel
              burel
              carpel
              chaitivel
              chevrel
              hoel
              housel
              pomel
              sachel
              tumberel
              Descendants

              Polish

              Etymology

              Etymology tree
              Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
              Proto-Indo-European *-lós
              Proto-Slavic *-ělъ
              Polish -el

                Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ělъ.

                Pronunciation

                Suffix

                -el m

                1. forms masculine agent nouns
                  ‎śmierdzieć + ‎-el → ‎śmierdziel

                Declension

                Masculine personal:

                Declension of -el
                More information singular, plural ...

                Masculine animate:

                Declension of -el
                More information singular, plural ...

                Masculine inanimate:

                Declension of -el
                More information singular, plural ...

                Derived terms

                Polish terms suffixed with -el
                Czepiel
                -elec
                gardziel
                gorzel
                grążel
                gryziel
                Grzmiel
                Kąsiel
                kipiel
                krężel
                kurdupel
                Kurpiel
                -elnia
                -elny
                pierdel
                pierdziel
                pingiel
                pocięgiel
                pogorzel
                popychel
                przerębel
                pômôgiel
                skarpiel
                skurwiel
                Smigiel
                Surdziel
                sztrabancel
                śmierdziel
                topiel
                torbiel
                trzmielić
                twardziel
                zgorzel
                znajdziel
                Żurawel

                Further reading

                • -el in Polish dictionaries at PWN

                Romani

                Suffix

                -el

                1. Forms the third-person singular present indicative of consonantal oikoclitic verbs

                Romanian

                Etymology

                Inherited from Latin -ellus.

                Pronunciation

                Suffix

                -el m (plural -ei, feminine -ea, feminine plural -ele)

                1. used to form a masculine diminutive of a word (e.g. ‎băiat (“boy”) + ‎-el → ‎băiețel (“little boy”)
                  Synonyms: -uș, -aș, -uț, -șor

                Declension

                More information singular, plural ...

                Derived terms

                Romanian terms suffixed with -el
                aglicel
                Agrieșel
                albăstrel
                albel
                albinărel
                Almăjel
                alunel
                antrețel
                aprozel
                arăcel
                arcășel
                Arduzel
                arendășel
                argățel
                Argeșelu
                argințel
                aricel
                armăsărel
                armășel
                arnăuțel
                Arpășel
                arțărel
                arvunel
                ascuțițel
                asinel
                aurel
                avocățel
                Avrămel
                Azorel
                balaurel
                bastonel
                bădițel
                băierel
                băiețel
                Bălăcel
                bălăiel
                bălănel
                Bălmușel
                băloșel
                băltăgel
                băltățel
                bănățel
                bănuțel
                bărbățel
                bărdăcel
                băscăcărățel
                bășicățel
                bătrânel
                bârlogel
                bârsănel
                bâtlăgel
                berbecel
                Bicăcel
                Bicăjel
                bicășel
                bididel
                bilețel
                binișel
                birlicel
                Bizdidel
                Blăjel
                bobocel
                Bocicoel
                Bocșel
                bogățel
                Bogdănel
                Bohorel
                boldițel
                boldurel
                bolocănel
                bolovănel
                bombonel
                Bombonel
                bondocel
                bonețel
                borcănel
                Borozel
                borțoșel
                bostănel
                botoșel
                Botușel
                bourel
                brăcăcel
                brădățel
                Brădețel
                Brădețelu
                Brândușel
                brebenel
                bricegel
                brilănțel
                Brîndușel
                brodărel
                brotăcel
                brumărel
                brusturel
                brușel
                bucățel
                bucfărel
                buchețel
                buciumel
                Bucovel
                Buhocel
                buiecel
                bujorel
                bulbucel
                bulgărel
                bumbăcel
                bumbărel
                bunel
                burduhoșel
                burdușel
                burețel
                buricel
                Burlăcel
                burnujel
                bursucel
                butucel
                buturel
                Buzăiel
                buzățel
                buzunărel
                caicel
                caiețel
                capoțel
                carnețel
                cartofel
                castronel
                catargel
                catastișel
                catârel
                căcățel
                căftănel
                căierel
                Călimănel
                cămărășel
                cănăcel
                căpăcel
                căpestrel
                căpețel
                căpitănel
                căpriorel
                cărăbușel
                cărășel
                cărbunel
                cărigățel
                cărpinel
                cărunțel
                căstănel
                cătinel
                căucel
                căușel
                căzăcel
                căzănel
                cântecel
                cârligel
                ceaușel
                celărel
                cenăcel
                cercănel
                cercânel
                cercurel
                cerdăcel
                cerențel
                Cerghizel
                chelșugel
                chilerel
                chiloțel
                chiticel
                chițcănel
                chiverel
                cinășel
                cincărel
                cintezel
                ciobănel
                ciocănel
                cioclejel
                ciolănel
                ciolpănel
                ciomăgel
                cioncășel
                cioporel
                ciorăpel
                ciorchinel
                ciorpănel
                ciortănel
                cireșel
                ciuberel
                ciubucel
                ciucurel
                Ciuguzel
                ciumburel
                ciurel
                ciutănel
                cizmășel
                claponel
                cliricel
                clocoțel
                clopoțel
                cocișel
                coconășel

                Swedish

                Etymology

                From Old Swedish -il, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz. Cognate with English -le, -el.

                Suffix

                -el

                2. forms agent nouns and instrument nouns such as tools
                  ‎spinna (“to spin”) + ‎-el → ‎spindel (“spider”)
                  ‎gjorda (“to gird”) + ‎-el → ‎gördel (“girdle”)
                4. forms nouns of diminutive connotation
                  ‎stång (“pole”) + ‎-el → ‎stängel (“stalk”)

                References

                • -el in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

                Turkish

                Volapük

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