-end

See also: end, END, End, end-, and энд

English

Alternative forms

• -and

Etymology

From Latin -endus, a gerundive ending, related to -andus.

Suffix

-end

1. Forming nouns denoting patients or recipients of actions.

   addend, subtrahend, dividend

Synonyms

• (a patient): -and, -ee, -ed

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “a patient”): -er, -or, -ing

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -end

addend

dividend

minuend

resolvend

subtrahend

Anagrams

• DEN, DNE, Den, Den., NDE, NED, Ned, den, edn., ned

German

Etymology

From Middle High German -ende, from Old High German -enti, -anti, from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending). Cognate with Dutch -end, Old English -ende. See English -and, -ing for more.

The gerundive use of the present participle goes back to the dative form of the Middle High German infinitive, which was sometimes enhanced with -d- through interaction with the present participle: ze lesene → ze lesende (“to read”). Placed before the noun, this construction was then reinterpreted as actually involving a participle, which lead to grammatical agreement: das zu lesende Buch, and thus by analogy ein zu lesendes Buch (“a book to [be] read”). Compare the etymologically correct construction in Dutch het/een te lezen boek.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ənt/

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

-end

1. A suffix forming the present participle of German verbs, analogous to English -ing.

   Weinend rief sie bei mir an. ― Crying, she called me [on the telephone].

   Die tanzenden Mädchen sind hübsch. ― The dancing girls are pretty.

   Er inseriert die zu vermietende Wohnung. (Gerundive use, cf. etymology above) ― He places an advert for the flat to be let out.

Usage notes

• When the suffix -heit is added to participles in -end, the d is elided. Compare Abwesenheit, Unwissenheit, Zuvorkommenheit.