-ich

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ich"

German

Alternative forms

• -ig (e.g. Sinzig from Sentiacum)

Etymology

Principally from Latin -iacum, itself from Celtic (compare *-ākos). However, other names were sometimes adapted to the suffix, as in Limperich (now a district of Bonn), which goes back to Middle High German Lintberg.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪç/

Suffix

-ich

1. Placename suffix found in the Rhineland.

Related terms

• Altrich
• Bertrich
• Bessenich
• Dieblich
• Disternich
• Elvenich
• Emmerich
• Endenich
• Firmenich
• Fischenich
• Füssenich
• Gevenich
• Gürzenich
• Gymnich
• Jülich
• Kärlich
• Keldenich
• Kendenich
• Kessenich
• Kesternich
• Kirspenich
• Lechenich
• Lessenich
• Limperich
• Linnich
• Linzenich
• Lobberich
• Lövenich
• Mechernich
• Mengenich
• Merzenich
• Mesenich
• Metternich
• Morschenich
• Mützenich
• Nemmenich
• Nickenich
• Nörvenich
• Setterich
• Sevenich
• Sinzenich
• Stetternich
• Türnich
• Ülpenich
• Vernich
• Zieverich
• Zülpich

Middle Dutch

Alternative forms

• -ech

Etymology

From Old Dutch -ig, from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-īgaz, *-agaz, *-ugaz.

Suffix

-ich

1. -y; forms adjectives from nouns.

Derived terms

Middle Dutch terms suffixed with -ich

eenvoudich

Descendants

• Dutch: -ig

Middle English

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ich

1. alternative form of -yssh

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ich

1. alternative form of -y (“-y”)

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

From Middle High German -ec, -ic, from Old High German -ig, from Proto-Germanic *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Compare German -ig, Dutch -ig, English -y, Swedish -ig.

Suffix

-ich

1. (adjectival) -y

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *-i-

Old Polish -i-

Polish -i-

Proto-Slavic *-xъ

Old Polish -ch

Polish -ch

Polish -ich

From -i- +‎ -ch.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ix/
• Rhymes: -ix
• Syllabification: -ich

Suffix

-ich m pers

1. synonym of -ch

   ‎żenić + ‎-ich → ‎żenich

   ‎budzić + ‎-ich → ‎Budzich

Declension

Declension of -ich

	singular	plural
nominative	-ich	-ichowie/-ichy (deprecative)
genitive	-icha	-ichów
dative	-ichowi	-ichom
accusative	-icha	-ichów
instrumental	-ichem	-ichami
locative	-ichu	-ichach
vocative	-ichu	-ichowie

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -ich

Budzich

Cierpich

Cudzich

-iszek

Modlich

Pendzich

Pędzich

Wtulich

Wyrwich

Zawalich

żenich

Saterland Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian -ich, from Proto-Germanic *-īgaz, variant of *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Compare German and Dutch -ig, English -y.

Suffix

-ich

1. -y

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

• -aich (broad version)

Etymology

From Old Irish -igidir (whence also Irish -igh), originally a denominative verb formative, from Proto-Celtic *-sagyetor; compare Welsh -hau.

Suffix

-ich

1. Suffix used to form verbs; semi-productive in Scottish Gaelic.

Conjugation

Participles

Conjugation of -ich (regular)

stem		-ich
verbal noun		-igh
past participle		-ichte
		independent		dependent
		active	passive	active	passive
past		-ich	-icheadh	-ich	-icheadh
future		-ichidh	-ichear -ichtear	-ich	-ichear -ichtear
conditional	1st singular	-ichinn	-ichteadh -ichist1 -ichiste1	-ichinn	-ichteadh -ichist1 -ichiste1
	1st plural	-icheamaid -icheadh sinn		-icheamaid -icheadh sinn
	2nd & 3rd	-icheadh		-icheadh
relative future		-icheas	-ichear
imperative	1st singular	-icheam	-ichear -ichtear
	2nd singular	-ich
	3rd singular	-icheadh
	1st plural	-icheamaid
	2nd plural	-ichibh
	3rd plural	-icheadh

¹ Lewis dialect form

Combined conjugation of -ich (regular)

stem		-ich
verbal noun		-igh
past participle		-ichte
		singular			plural			impersonal
		first	second	third m/f	first	second	third
independent	past	-ich mi	-ich thu	-ich e/i	-ich sinn	-ich sibh	-ich iad	-icheadh
	future	-ichidh mi	-ichidh tu	-ichidh e/i	-ichidh sinn	-ichidh sibh	-ichidh iad	-ichear -ichtear
	conditional	-ichinn	-icheadh tu	-icheadh e/i	-icheamaid -icheadh sinn	-icheadh sibh	-icheadh iad	-ichteadh -ichist1 -ichiste1
negative	past	cha do -ich mi	cha do -ich thu	cha do -ich e/i	cha do -ich sinn	cha do -ich sibh	cha do -ich iad	cha do -icheadh
	future	cha -ich mi	cha -ich thu	cha -ich e/i	cha -ich sinn	cha -ich sibh	cha -ich iad	cha -ichear cha -ichtear
	conditional	cha -ichinn	cha -icheadh tu	cha -icheadh e/i	cha -icheamaid cha -icheadh sinn	cha -icheadh sibh	cha -icheadh iad	cha -ichteadh cha -ichist1 cha -ichiste1
affirmative interrogative	past	an do -ich mi?	an do -ich thu?	an do -ich e/i?	an do -ich sinn?	an do -ich sibh?	an do -ich iad?	an do -icheadh?
	future	an -ich mi?	an -ich thu?	an -ich e/i?	an -ich sinn?	an -ich sibh?	an -ich iad?	an -ichear? an -ichtear?
	conditional	an -ichinn?	an -icheadh tu?	an -icheadh e/i?	an -icheamaid? an -icheadh sinn?	an -icheadh sibh?	an -icheadh iad?	an -ichteadh? an -ichist?1 an -ichiste?1
negative interrogative	past	nach do -ich mi?	nach do -ich thu?	nach do -ich e/i?	nach do -ich sinn?	nach do -ich sibh?	nach do -ich iad?	nach do -icheadh?
	future	nach -ich mi?	nach -ich thu?	nach -ich e/i?	nach -ich sinn?	nach -ich sibh?	nach -ich iad?	nach -ichear? nach -ichtear?
	conditional	nach -ichinn?	nach -icheadh tu?	nach -icheadh e/i?	nach -icheamaid? nach -icheadh sinn?	nach -icheadh sibh?	nach -icheadh iad?	nach -ichteadh? nach -ichist?1 nach -ichiste?1
relative future	affirmative	(ma) -icheas mi	(ma) -icheas thu	(ma) -icheas e/i	(ma) -icheas sinn	(ma) -icheas sibh	(ma) -icheas iad	(ma) -ichear
	negative	(mur) -ich mi	(mur) -ich thu	(mur) -ich e/i	(mur) -ich sinn	(mur) -ich sibh	(mur) -ich iad	(mur) -ichear (mur) -ichtear
imperative		-icheam	-ich	-icheadh e/i	-icheamaid	-ichibh	-icheadh iad	-ichear -ichtear

¹ Lewis dialect form

Derived terms

Scottish Gaelic terms suffixed with -ich

adhbharaich

ainmich

ainneartaich

àitich

aonaich

àrdaich

armaich

ath-bheachdaich

ath-lathaich

ath-nuadhaich

barrantaich

bàsaich

beothaich

blàthaich

brabhsaich

ceannaich

cèirich

ceumnaich

ciallaich

cleasaich

cnuasaich

coisich

comhairlich

comharraich

comhartaich

cronaich

crudhaich

cruinnich

cruthaich

cuairtich

cuimhnich

daingnich

dearrsaich

deasaich

dì-cheannaich

dì-làraich

dorchaich

eadar-dhuilleagaich

eadar-dhuillich

eadar-phongaich

eadar-shreathaich

eadar-theangaich

eas-ùmhlaich

eiridnich

fàsaich

frith-ainmich

fuaimnich

fuaraich

fuathaich

geamhraich

giorraich

gràdhaich

grìosaich

iasgaich

lagaich

laghaich

litrich

luchdaich

maslaich

mì-chliùitich

mì-dhealbhaich

mì-dhreachaich

mì-gheuraich

mì-onoirich

mì-shnasaich

mì-thaitnich

mì-thràthaich

mìnich

naomhaich

nàraich

neadaich

neulaich

notaich

nuadhaich

peacaich

peanasaich

rèitich

searmonaich

sgreamhaich

sgrùdaich

slànaich

soilleirich

sorchaich

sponsairich

stoirmich

suidhich

taobhaich

teasaich

toilich

tòisich

treòirich

triantanaich

tuisealaich

ubagaich

uchd-mhacaich

uidheamaich

uillnich

ùrlaraich

urramaich

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian -ich, from Proto-Germanic *-īgaz, variant of *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.

Suffix

-ich

1. -y

Further reading

• “-ich”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011