-ier - Wikiwand

See also: ier, Ier, and ièr

English

Etymology 1

From -y +‎ -er.

Suffix

-ier

spelling of the suffix sequence -y followed by -er, or of any word ending in -(e)y suffixed with -er.
dicey → dicier; clayey → clayier; gluey → gluier; happy → happier; scary → scarier; tomatoey → tomatoier

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French -ier, doublet of -eer, -yer, -ary, and -ar.

Suffix

-ier

Forming nouns denoting occupations, particularly with words from French.
clothier, perfumier

Derived terms

Anagrams

rie, RIE, ire, eir, Rie, IRE, IrE, rei, Ire., Eri, EIR, Eri.

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Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French -ier.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ir/, [iːr]
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: -ier

Suffix

-ier m

appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word

Derived terms

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French -ier, -er, from Old French -ier, -er, from Latin -ārium, the accusative of -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -aire.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /je/
Audio (France (Lyon)): (file)
Audio (France (Lyon)): (file)
Audio (France (Somain)): (file)

Suffix

-ier m (noun-forming suffix, plural -iers, feminine -ière)

forms the names of trees or bushes bearing a particular type of fruit
‎banane (“banana”) + ‎-ier → ‎bananier (“banana tree”)

‎poire (“pear”) + ‎-ier → ‎poirier (“pear tree”)
forms the names of ships
‎chalut (“trawl net”) + ‎-ier → ‎chalutier (“trawler”)

‎pétrole (“oil”) + ‎-ier → ‎pétrolier (“oil tanker”)
forms the names of jobs
‎chocolat (“chocolate”) + ‎-ier → ‎chocolatier (“chocolatier”)

Derived terms

French terms suffixed with -ier

German

Etymology

Borrowed from French -ier.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /i̯eː/, /jeː/
Audio (Germany (Berlin)): (file)
Audio (Germany (Berlin)): (file)
Hyphenation: -ier

Suffix

-ier m

A noun-forming suffix, used especially to render similar suffixes in borrowings from French.
‎Kneipe + ‎-ier → ‎Kneipier

‎Pleite + ‎-ier → ‎Pleitier

Derived terms

German terms suffixed with -ier

Latin

Suffix

-ier

alternative form of -ri (present passive infinitive)

Middle English

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ier

alternative form of -er (agentive suffix)

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ier

alternative form of -iere

Middle French

Suffix

-ier

alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting a verb)
alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession)

Old French

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *-āzi

▲

Latin -ereinflu.

Latin -āre

Old French -ier

Inherited from Latin -āre.

Alternative forms

-er (present in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France)
-ar (9th and 10th centuries. Only a couple of words are attested with this suffix, salvar, intrar and devastar)

Suffix

-ier

suffix used to form infinitives of first conjugation verbs
forgier ― to forge

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -ier, with a palatal stem. These verbs are conjugated mostly like verbs in -er, but there is an extra i before the e of some endings. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

Conjugation of -ier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

More information simple, compound ...

	simple	compound
infinitive	-ier	avoir -ié
gerund	en -ant	gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle	-ant
past participle	-ié
person	singular	plural
first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	—	-es	-e	-ons	-iez	-ent
imperfect	—	—	—	—	—	—
preterite	-ai	-as	-a	-ames	-astes	-ierent
future	-erai	-eras	-era	-erons	-eroiz, -ereiz, -erez	-eront
conditional	-eroie, -ereie	-eroies, -ereies	-eroit, -ereit	-eriiens, -eriens	-eriiez, -eriez	-eroient, -ereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive	que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	—	-s	-t	-ons	-iez	-ent
imperfect	-asse	-asses	-ast	-issons, -issiens	-issoiz, -issez, -issiez	-assent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative	–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
—	-e	—	-ons	-iez	—

Descendants

Middle French: -er
- French: -er
Gallo: -ieu
→ Middle High German: -ieren
- German: -ieren, -iren (obsolete, used alternatively until ca. 1900)
  - → Bulgarian: -ирам (-iram)
  - → Russian: -ировать (-irovatʹ)
    - →⇒ Georgian: -ირება (-ireba)
  - → Serbo-Croatian: -irati
Norman: -yi (Jersey)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Latin -ārius

Old French -ier

Inherited from Latin -ārium.

Alternative forms

-er (present in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France)

Suffix

-ier

indicates a profession
bouchier ― butcher
indicates location, where one lives
forestier ― forester

Derived terms

-erie f

Descendants

Middle French: -er
- French: -ier, -er
- → English: -eer, -er
→ Middle English: -er, -eer, -ere, -ier, -ir, -yr
- English: -er (conflated with -ere)
- Middle Scots: -er, -ar
  - Scots: -er (conflated with -ere)
→ Italian: -iere
→ Romanian: -ier
→ Old Irish: -aire
- Irish: -aire
- Scottish Gaelic: -air
→ Sicilian: -eri