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-ig
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ig"
Danish
Etymology
Partly Borrowed from Low German -ig, which in Danish has displaced the native suffix Old Danish -ugh; is no longer productive.
Suffix
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns
Declension
1 When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2 The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.
Derived terms
References
- “-ig” in Den Danske Ordbog
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Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch -ich, from Old Dutch -ag, -ig, from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-agaz, *-īgaz, *-ugaz, each a variant of a common suffix *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns
- -ed, having (when attached to a noun preceded by an adjective that describes the noun)
Declension
Derived terms
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German
Etymology
From Middle High German -ec, -ic, from Old High German -ig, from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ig
- -y, -eous; forms adjectives from nouns, describing the noteworthy presence of the noun
- forms adjectives from numerals and nouns, describing something as having or involving a certain amount of the noun
- ein(s) (“one”) + Seite (“side, page”) + -ig → einseitig (“one-sided, single-page”)
- zwei (“two”) + Schneide (“edge”) + -ig → zweischneidig (“two-edged”)
- mehr (“more”) + Sprache (“language”) + -ig → mehrsprachig (“multilingual”)
- -ed; forms adjectives from adjectives and nouns, describing something as having a noun of a certain quality; often triggers umlaut for single-syllable nouns
- klein (“small”) + Geist (“spirit, mind”) + -ig → kleingeistig (“small-minded”)
- schwach (“weak”) + Brust (“chest”) + -ig → schwachbrüstig (“feeble, lacking in power and stamina”)
- dunkel (“dark”) + Haut (“skin”) + -ig → dunkelhäutig (“dark-skinned”)
- forms adjectives from verbs, describing a propensity or ongoing state of an action
- forms adjectives from adverbs, describing something as being defined by the adverb
Declension
Positive forms of -ig
Comparative forms of -ig
Superlative forms of -ig
Note: There are also contracted forms like -'ger.
Suffix
-ig
- (Switzerland, colloquial) variation of -ung
Derived terms
See also
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Hungarian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ig (terminative case suffix)
- (of place) to, up to
- Az állomásig busszal mentünk, de onnan hazáig már gyalog. ― We traveled by bus to the station but from there to home we walked.
- (of time) until, till
- Ötig dolgozom. ― I work until five o'clock.
- for a specified length of time
- A levél olyan hosszú volt, hogy tíz percig olvastam. ― The letter was so long that I was reading it for 10 minutes.
Usage notes
- It has no harmonic variants. It is used by both back-vowel and front-vowel words.
- The above two senses may be ambiguous when hour or o'clock is mentioned, as in this sentence:
- Két óráig maradunk. ― We'll stay for two hours OR We'll stay until 2 o'clock.
- To avoid this ambiguity, the accusative case may be employed when referring to the duration (Két órát maradunk), and the sentence may be rephrased when referring to the end point (Két óra múlva indulunk – We're leaving in two hours.)
- (until): With pointlike events or places the meaning is usually clear. However, it is ambiguous when the given event itself lasts for some time or the given object is such that it matters whether it is included, excluded or partially included.
- Szerdáig van időd. ― You have time until Wednesday.
- With exclusion: on Wednesday 00:01 A.M. you are already late (rare, one would probably say keddig; until Tuesday)
- With partial inclusion: the border line is somewhere during the day (most likely)
- With full inclusion: you have the full Wednesday (also possible)
- Szerdáig van időd. ― You have time until Wednesday.
See also
1Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise.
Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns / edit this template
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Middle English
Suffix
-ig
- alternative form of -y
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From -ugr, Old Norse -igr (“-y”), from *-ugaz, Proto-Germanic *-īgaz (“-y”), from *-gaz (“-y”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos (“-y”). Certain words also from Low German -ig (“-y”) or German -ig (“-y”), from Middle High German -ec, -ic, from Old High German -ig, from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-gaz (“-y”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos (“-y”).
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns
Derived terms
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Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “inherited from Old Norse or derived from Middle Low German loanwords?”)
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns
Derived terms
See also
- -ug
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Ojibwe
Suffix
-ig
- A suffix denoting the third person singular to first- or second-person singular form of a transitive animate verb (vta)
Old English
Old Saxon
Scottish Gaelic
Swedish
Welsh
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