-ik - Wikiwand

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ik"

Abenaki

Suffix

-ik

A suffix used to form the plurals of some animate words.

Usage notes

Often used to form the plurals of words (especially nouns denoting people who have particular occupations or activities) which end in the consonant d or t (which causes the d or t to mutate into j: nodabônkad, "baker" → nodabônkajik, "bakers"); only rarely used to form the plurals of words ending in other letters (nodkwaag, notkwahag, "pilot" → nodkwaagik, notkwahagik, "pilots").
See the usage notes at -ak.

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Albanian

Suffix

-ik m (indefinite plural -ikë, definite singular -iku, feminine equivalent -ike)

-al
Synonym: -tar

‎jetë (“life”) + ‎-ik → ‎jetik (“vital”)

Derived terms

Albanian terms suffixed with -ik

kompjuterik

satirik

Azerbaijani

Suffix

More information preceding vowel, a / ı ...

	preceding vowel
a / ı	e / ə / i̇	o / u	ö / ü
postconsonantal	-ıq	-ik	-uq	-ük
postvocalic	-yıq	-yik	-yuq	-yük

-ik

First-person plural present simple copula
1. [we] are

Basque

Alternative forms

-rik (after vowels)

Suffix

-ik

Partitive suffix.
‎etxe (“house”) + ‎-ik → ‎etxerik (“any house?”)
Adverbial suffix, -ly
‎poz (“joy”) + ‎-ik → ‎pozik (“happy, happily”)

Declension

More information indefinite, singular ...

Basque inflectional suffixes
	indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive	-∅	-a	-ak	-ok
ergative	-(e)k	-ak	-ek
dative	-(r)i	-ari	-ei	-oi
genitive	-(r)en	-aren	-en	-on
comitative	-(r)ekin	-arekin	-ekin	-okin
causative	-(r)engatik	-arengatik	-engatik	-ongatik
benefactive	-(r)entzat	-arentzat	-entzat	-ontzat
instrumental	-(e)z	-az	-ez	-oz
inessive	anim	-(r)engan	-arengan	-engan	-ongan
inan	-(e)tan	-an	-etan	-otan
locative	anim	―	―	―	―
inan	-(e)tako	-(e)ko	-etako	-otako
allative	anim	-(r)engana	-arengana	-engana	-ongana
inan	-(e)tara	-(e)ra	-etara	-otara
terminative	anim	-(r)enganaino	-arenganaino	-enganaino	-onganaino
inan	-(e)taraino	-(e)raino	-etaraino	-otaraino
directive	anim	-(r)enganantz	-arenganantz	-enganantz	-onganantz
inan	-(e)tarantz	-(e)rantz	-etarantz	-otarantz
destinative	anim	-(r)enganako	-arenganako	-enganako	-onganako
inan	-(e)tarako	-(e)rako	-etarako	-otarako
ablative	anim	-(r)engandik	-arengandik	-engandik	-ongandik
inan	-(e)tatik	-(e)tik	-etik	-otik
partitive	-(r)ik	―	―	―
prolative	-tzat	―	―	―

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -ik

References

R. L. Trask (2008), “-ik”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 221

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Cornish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *-ikos. Cognate with Breton and Welsh -ig.

Suffix

-ik m (plural -igow)

Forms diminutives
‎hos (“duck”) + ‎-ik → ‎heyji (“duckling”)

‎davas (“sheep”) + ‎-ik → ‎davasik (“lamb”)

Derived terms

Cornish terms suffixed with -ik

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ikkoi.

Suffix

-ik (genitive -iku, partitive -ikut)

Derives nouns from numerals, with the meaning "group of".
kaks (“two”) → kaksik (“twin, group of two”)

kolm (“three”) → kolmik (“triplet, group of three”)

neli (“four”) → nelik (“quadruplet, four of a kind (poker), group of four”)

Declension

More information Declension of (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation), singular ...

Declension of -ik (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-ik	-ikud
accusative	nom.
gen.	-iku
genitive	-ikute
partitive	-ikut	-ikuid
illative	-ikusse	-ikutesse -ikuisse
inessive	-ikus	-ikutes -ikuis
elative	-ikust	-ikutest -ikuist
allative	-ikule	-ikutele -ikuile
adessive	-ikul	-ikutel -ikuil
ablative	-ikult	-ikutelt -ikuilt
translative	-ikuks	-ikuteks -ikuiks
terminative	-ikuni	-ikuteni
essive	-ikuna	-ikutena
abessive	-ikuta	-ikuteta
comitative	-ikuga	-ikutega

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -ik

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German

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin -icus and Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-ɪk/
Audio (Germany (Berlin)): (file)

Suffix

-ik f

Forms abstract nouns, typically of Latin/Greek stems as the counterpart to adjectives in -isch.
1. Forms nouns referring to fields of study.
  ‎pädagogisch (“pedagogical”) + ‎-ik → ‎Pädagogik (“pedagogy”)
  
  ‎kombinatorisch (“combinatory”) + ‎-ik → ‎Kombinatorik (“combinatorics”)
2. Forms nouns referring to schools of thought or movements.
  ‎romantisch (“romantic”) + ‎-ik → ‎Romantik (“romanticism”)
  
  ‎klassisch (“classical”) + ‎-ik → ‎Klassik (“classicism”)
3. Forms nouns describing a characteristic.
  ‎rhythmisch (“rhythmic”) + ‎-ik → ‎Rhythmik (“rhythmicity”)

Derived terms

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Hungarian

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “We seem to be missing an etym section for the intransitive (reflexive?) verb-forming suffix -ik, as documented in the Etymology section in -zik.”

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ik]
Rhymes: -ik

Etymology 1

Adjective suffix.

Suffix

-ik

(adjective-forming suffix) A unique identification suffix (often used together with the definite article a/az (“the”)). Used with (chiefly comparative, sometimes superlative) adjectives, answering the question melyik? (“which?”), specifying one out of a specific set of things/persons.
más (“different”) ― (egy) másik (“another one”) ― a másik (“the other one”)

rosszabb (“worse”) → a rosszabbik (“the worse one”)

a kisebbik rossz(at választja) ― (to choose) the lesser of two evils

A nagyobbik szobában Péter lakik. ― Peter lives in the bigger room (out of a specific set of rooms).

Derived terms

Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -ik

Hungarian pronouns suffixed with -ik

egyik

másik

Etymology 2

Possessive suffix.

Suffix

-ik

possessive suffix for multiple possessions if there is no noun for the possessor:
1. their ……-s (third-person plural; the pronoun ő (“s/he”) (!) being optional for emphasis)
  kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik, az ő kapuik (“their gates”)
  
  érme (“coin”) → az érméik, az ő érméik (“their coins”)
2. (formal) your ……-s (second-person plural, grammatically resembling the third person plural)
  kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik (“your [formal, plural] gates”), alternatively: az önök kapui, a maguk kapui (!)
  
  érme (“coin”) → az érméik (“your [formal, plural] coins”), alternatively: az önök érméi, a maguk érméi (!)

Usage notes

(possessive suffix) Variants:
-ik is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

-aik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

-eik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant

-jaik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i

-jeik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i

Etymology 3

Personal suffix.

Suffix

-ik

(personal suffix) The ending of a large group of passive/reflexive verbs in indefinite third-person singular present tense, their dictionary form.
Sokat utazik. ― S/he travels a lot.
(personal suffix) Used to form the definite third-person plural present indicative of (front-vowel) verbs.
Coordinate term: (for back-vowel verbs) -ják

Megnézik a filmet. ― They will see the movie. [from megnéz (“to look at, to see”), indicating a definite object, here required by a (“the”)]

Usage notes

The above two senses are usually not difficult to distinguish as long as one knows whether the lemma of the verb ends in -ik. If it does, it is usually not a transitive verb (since most -ik verbs have a passive or reflexive meaning) so it will be probably an (indefinite) singular. On the other hand, if the lemma of the verb has no -ik, the only option is the definite plural.

Eszik (“to eat”) is one of the few -ik verbs that are transitive. In such a case, one needs to rely on the definiteness of the object. For more details, see its Usage notes.

Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes

More information Person, Back vowel ...

Person	Back vowel	Front vowel
unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-ok	-ek	-ök
-ik verbs (optional)	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-sz
after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-asz	-esz
after s, sz, z, dz	-ol	-el	-öl
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	–
-ik verbs	-ik
mi	1st person plural	-unk	-ünk
ti	2nd person plural	-tok	-tek	-tök
after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-otok	-etek	-ötök
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-nak	-nek
after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anak	-enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

(personal suffix, definite conjugation) See harmonic variants in the table below.

Present tense definite – personal endings

More information Person, Back vowel ...

Person	Back vowel	Front vowel
unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-od	-ed	-öd
ő maga ön	3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular	-ja	-i
mi	1st person plural	-juk	-jük
ti	2nd person plural	-játok	-itek
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural	-ják	-ik
See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

Derived terms

Indonesian

Etymology

From English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos.

Suffix

-ik

-ic
analitik ― analytic

Usage notes

The suffix -ik often appears on loaned words from English. Many words with this suffix have synonyms with suffix -is which were loaned from Dutch. However, the Dutch-loaned -is is seemingly preferred over English-loaned -ik. Never used in chemical compound sense.

Derived terms

Category Indonesian terms suffixed with -ik not found

Related terms

-ikal
-is
-at

Malay

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [-ik̚]
Hyphenation: -ik

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos.

Suffix

-ik (Jawi spelling ـيک)

-ic.
saintifik ― scientific

Usage notes

The suffix -ik often appears in loanwords from English. Many words with this suffix have synonyms with the suffix -is many of which were loaned from Dutch through Indonesian, although not all of them are (e.g. gramatis).