-io - Wikiwand

See also: Appendix:Variations of "io"

Esperanto

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂

Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)der.

Ancient Greek -υς (-us)?

Ancient Greek -εύς (-eús)?

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂der.

Ancient Greek -ιᾰ (-iă)

Ancient Greek -ειᾰ (-eiă)der.

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *-ēs

Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs)

▲

Ancient Greek -ῐᾰ (-ĭă)

Ancient Greek -ειᾰ (-eiă)der.

Latin -iader.

Esperanto -io

From Latin -ia in country names.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈio/
Rhymes: -io
Hyphenation: i‧o

Suffix

-io

a place, usually a country, named after the root, whether that is a people, person, city, or river
‎andaluzo (“Andalusian”) + ‎-io → ‎Andaluzio (“Andalusia”)

‎Esperanto (“the Esperanto language”) + ‎-io → ‎Esperantio (“a notional Esperanto-speaking land”)

‎flandro (“Fleming”) + ‎-io → ‎Flandrio (“Flanders”)

‎japano (“a Japanese person”) + ‎-io → ‎Japanio (“Japan”)

‎Kaŭkazo (“the Caucasus Mountains”) + ‎-io → ‎Kaŭkazio (“the Caucasus (region)”)

‎Kolumbo (“Christopher Columbus”) + ‎-io → ‎Kolumbio (“Colombia”)

‎Niĝero (“the Niger River”) + ‎-io → ‎Niĝerio (“Nigeria”)

‎Novjorko (“New York City”) + ‎-io → ‎Novjorkio (“New York (state)”)

‎Romo (“Rome”) + ‎-io → ‎Romio (“the Roman Empire”)

‎ŝvabo (“Swabian”) + ‎-io → ‎Ŝvabio (“Swabia”)
a science named after its practitioner
‎astronomo (“astronomer”) + ‎-io → ‎astronomio (“astronomy”)

‎biologo (“biologist”) + ‎-io → ‎biologio (“biology”)

‎kirurgo (“surgeon”) + ‎-io → ‎kirurgio (“surgery (branch of medicine)”)
-ium; used to form the names of chemical elements
‎berilo (“beryl”) + ‎-io → ‎berilio (“beryllium”)

‎titano (“titan”) + ‎-io → ‎titanio (“titanium”)

‎Urano (“Uranus”) + ‎-io → ‎uranio (“uranium”)

Synonyms

(place): -ujo for places named after their inhabitants: Anglujo (“England”)
(place): lando is also sometimes used for places named after inhabitants: Svedlando = Svedio (“Sweden”)
(science): scienco is used like a suffix with root words to form names of some sciences: vulkanoscienco = vulkanologio (“volcanology”)

Derived terms

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Finnish

Etymology

From multiple sources, including extraction from words derived with -o from verb stems ending in -i, as well as from earlier and still dialectal -i(j)o, from -ja-i (for labial ai > o, compare plural forms of kala-type nouns), from -ja + -i.

Suffix

-io (front vowel harmony variant -iö, linguistic notation -iO)

Forms nouns from verbs or verbal stems.
‎itää (“to sprout”) + ‎-io → ‎itiö (“spore (of e.g. mushroom, moss)”)

‎valita (“to choose”) + ‎-io → ‎valio (“elite, select”)
Forms nouns from other nouns, adjectives, numbers or their stems.
‎yksi (“one”) + ‎-io → ‎yksiö (“a one-room apartment”)

‎kolme (“three”) + ‎-io → ‎kolmio (“a triangle; a yield sign”)

‎neljä (“four”) + ‎-io → ‎neliö (“a square”); shorter form for a square meter

Declension

More information nominative, genitive ...

Inflection of -io (Kotus type 3/valtio, no gradation)
nominative	-io	-iot
genitive	-ion	-ioiden -ioitten
partitive	-iota	-ioita
illative	-ioon	-ioihin
	singular	plural
nominative	-io	-iot
accusative	nom.	-io	-iot
gen.	-ion
genitive	-ion	-ioiden -ioitten
partitive	-iota	-ioita
inessive	-iossa	-ioissa
elative	-iosta	-ioista
illative	-ioon	-ioihin
adessive	-iolla	-ioilla
ablative	-iolta	-ioilta
allative	-iolle	-ioille
essive	-iona	-ioina
translative	-ioksi	-ioiksi
abessive	-iotta	-ioitta
instructive	—	-ioin
comitative	See the possessive forms below.

More information first-person singular possessor, singular ...

Possessive forms of -io (Kotus type 3/valtio, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-ioni	-ioni
accusative	nom.	-ioni	-ioni
accusative	gen.	-ioni	-ioni
genitive		-ioni	-ioideni -ioitteni
partitive		-iotani	-ioitani
inessive		-iossani	-ioissani
elative		-iostani	-ioistani
illative		-iooni	-ioihini
adessive		-iollani	-ioillani
ablative		-ioltani	-ioiltani
allative		-iolleni	-ioilleni
essive		-ionani	-ioinani
translative		-iokseni	-ioikseni
abessive		-iottani	-ioittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-ioineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-iosi	-iosi
accusative	nom.	-iosi	-iosi
accusative	gen.	-iosi	-iosi
genitive		-iosi	-ioidesi -ioittesi
partitive		-iotasi	-ioitasi
inessive		-iossasi	-ioissasi
elative		-iostasi	-ioistasi
illative		-ioosi	-ioihisi
adessive		-iollasi	-ioillasi
ablative		-ioltasi	-ioiltasi
allative		-iollesi	-ioillesi
essive		-ionasi	-ioinasi
translative		-ioksesi	-ioiksesi
abessive		-iottasi	-ioittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-ioinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-iomme	-iomme
accusative	nom.	-iomme	-iomme
accusative	gen.	-iomme	-iomme
genitive		-iomme	-ioidemme -ioittemme
partitive		-iotamme	-ioitamme
inessive		-iossamme	-ioissamme
elative		-iostamme	-ioistamme
illative		-ioomme	-ioihimme
adessive		-iollamme	-ioillamme
ablative		-ioltamme	-ioiltamme
allative		-iollemme	-ioillemme
essive		-ionamme	-ioinamme
translative		-ioksemme	-ioiksemme
abessive		-iottamme	-ioittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-ioinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-ionne	-ionne
accusative	nom.	-ionne	-ionne
accusative	gen.	-ionne	-ionne
genitive		-ionne	-ioidenne -ioittenne
partitive		-iotanne	-ioitanne
inessive		-iossanne	-ioissanne
elative		-iostanne	-ioistanne
illative		-ioonne	-ioihinne
adessive		-iollanne	-ioillanne
ablative		-ioltanne	-ioiltanne
allative		-iollenne	-ioillenne
essive		-ionanne	-ioinanne
translative		-ioksenne	-ioiksenne
abessive		-iottanne	-ioittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-ioinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		-ionsa	-ionsa
accusative	nom.	-ionsa	-ionsa
accusative	gen.	-ionsa	-ionsa
genitive		-ionsa	-ioidensa -ioittensa
partitive		-iotaan -iotansa	-ioitaan -ioitansa
inessive		-iossaan -iossansa	-ioissaan -ioissansa
elative		-iostaan -iostansa	-ioistaan -ioistansa
illative		-ioonsa	-ioihinsa
adessive		-iollaan -iollansa	-ioillaan -ioillansa
ablative		-ioltaan -ioltansa	-ioiltaan -ioiltansa
allative		-iolleen -iollensa	-ioilleen -ioillensa
essive		-ionaan -ionansa	-ioinaan -ioinansa
translative		-iokseen -ioksensa	-ioikseen -ioiksensa
abessive		-iottaan -iottansa	-ioittaan -ioittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	-ioineen -ioinensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -io

Anagrams

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Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from English -ia, French -ie, Italian -ia, Russian -ия (-ija), Spanish -ia, ultimately from Latin -ia, from Ancient Greek -ία (-ía).

Suffix

-io

suffix denoting the country, region, domain, territory or province dependent upon the authority of a person
‎duko (“duke; duchess”) + ‎-io → ‎dukio (“duchy”)

‎episkopo (“bishop”) + ‎-io → ‎episkopio (“bishopric, diocese, episcopate”)

‎paroko (“parish priest, rector”) + ‎-io → ‎parokio (“parish”)

‎rejo (“sovereign, ruler, king, queen, monarch”) + ‎-io → ‎rejio (“kingdom”)

Usage notes

A common but false misconception is that countries that end with -ia in Ido, for example Albania, use this suffix when in fact it's part of the root itself. Though, -io at times can help shape country names to fit; Mexikia uses the extra i so not to be confused with Mexiko (“Mexico City”) at the same time resembling other country names.

Derived terms

Ido terms suffixed with -io

Italian

Etymology 1

Unknown. Perhaps from Latin -ērium.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈi.o/
Rhymes: -io
Hyphenation: -ì‧o

Suffix

-io m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ii)

used with verb roots to derive nouns with durative, intensive or frequentative connotation; -le

Derived terms

Italian terms suffixed with -io (frequentative)

Etymology 2

From Latin -īvus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈi.o/
Rhymes: -io
Hyphenation: -ì‧o

Suffix

-io (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ia, masculine plural -ii, feminine plural -ie)
-io m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ii)

alternative form of -ivo

Derived terms

Italian terms suffixed with -io (ivo)

solatio

stantio

Etymology 3

From Latin -ius.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jo/, /ˈi.o/
Rhymes: -io
Hyphenation: -io, -ì‧o

Suffix

-io (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ia, masculine plural -i or -ii, feminine plural -ie)

added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”; -y

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jo/ (stressed on the preceding syllable)
Hyphenation: -io

Suffix

-io m (noun-forming suffix, plural -i)

(uncommon) used with verb roots to derive simple deverbal nouns
Synonym: (more common) -o

‎sgravàre (“to relieve, to lighten”) + ‎-io → ‎sgràvio (“relief, lightening”)

Derived terms

Category Italian terms suffixed with -io (deverbal) not found

Etymology 5

Borrowed from New Latin -ium.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jo/, /ˈi.o/
Rhymes: -io
Hyphenation: -io, -ì‧o

Suffix

-io m (noun-forming suffix, plural -i or -ii)

forms the name of chemical elements; -ium

Derived terms

Italian terms suffixed with -io (chemical element)

Etymology 6

From Latin -īvit via Vulgar Latin -īut.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jo/, /ˈi.o/
Rhymes: -io
Hyphenation: -io, -ì‧o

Suffix

-io (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)

(Romanesco, archaic, Dantesque) used with a stem to form the third-person singular past historic of regular -ire verbs
(Romanesco, dated) used with a stem to form the simple past of verbs
...E poi annamio ar negozio a venne
...And then we used to go to the shop to sell

Indove annavio?
Where were you going?

Derived terms

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Latin

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Welsh

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