-mi

See also: Appendix:Variations of "mi"

Buginese

Suffix

-mi (Buginese form ᨆᨗ)

1. only

   tellumi panésaï

   there are only three things that determine it

Fala

Pronoun

-mi

1. Clitic form of me (“me”)

See also

Fala personal pronouns

			nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
singular	first person		ei	me, -mi		mi
	second person		tú	te, -ti		ti
	third person	m	el	le, -li	uLV, oM	el
		f	ela		a	ela
plural	first person	common	nos	musL nusLV nos, -nusM		nos
		m	noshotrusM			noshotrusM
		f	noshotrasM			noshotrasM
	second person	common	vos	vusLV vos, -vusM		vos
		m	voshotrusM			voshotrusM
		f	voshotrasM			voshotrasM
	third person	m	elis	le, -li	usLV, osM	elis
		f	elas		as	elas
third person reflexive			—	se, -si		sí

Dialects:  ^L Lagarteiru   ^M Mañegu   ^V Valverdeñu

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 197

Greenlandic

Etymology 1

Suffix

-mi (enclitic)

1. but, however, yet, indeed, what about, yes

   uanga (“I, me”) -> uangami (“what about me?”)

   immaqa (“perhaps”) -> immaqami (“yes, maybe”)

Etymology 2

Suffix

-mi

1. marks the locative case, equivalent to English in, at

   ‎illu (“house”) + ‎-mi → ‎illumi (“in the house”)

Ilocano

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *kami, from *ami.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mi/

Pronoun

-mi (pronoun-forming suffix)

1. First-person plural exclusive ergative enclitic pronoun; we (not you)

   Dinalusanmi ti kuarto. ― We cleaned the room.

2. First-person plural exclusive possessive marker; our (exclusive)

   Adayo pay ti balaymi. ― Our house is still far.

See also

Ilocano personal pronouns

Person	Number	Absolutive		Ergative	Oblique	Possessive
		Disjunctive	Enclitic	Enclitic3		bági form	kukua form
First	singular	siak	-ak	-ko, -k	kaniak	bagik	kukuak, kuak
	dual	data, sita1	-ta		kaniata, kadata	bagita	kukuata
	plural inclusive	datayo, sitayo1	-tayo, -tay		kaniatayo, kadatayo	bagitayo	kukuatayo
	plural exclusive	dakami, sikami1	-kami, -kam	-mi	kaniami, kadakami	bagimi	kukuami
Second	singular	sika	-ka	-mo, -m	kaniam, kenka	bagim	kukuam
	plural	dakayo, sikayo1	-kayo, -kay	-yo	kaniayo, kadakayo	bagiyo	kukuayo
Third	singular	isu, isuna	Ø2	-na	kaniana, kenkuana	bagina	kukuana
	plural	isuda	-da		kaniada, kadakuada	bagida	kukuada

¹Regional variants.
²Null morpheme: there is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used.
³Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers.

Fused enclitics

Actor	Patient
	siak	data	datayo	dakami	sika	dakayo	isu5	isuda
siak	bagik4	—	—	—	-ka	-kayo	-ko, -k	-ko ida, -k ida
data	—	bagita4	—	—	—	—	-ta	-ta ida
datayo	—	—	bagitayo4	—	—	—	-tayo	-tayo ida
dakami	—	—	—	bagimi4	-daka	-dakayo	-mi	-mi ida
sika	-nak	—	—	-nakami	bagim4	—	-mo, -m	-mo ida, -m ida
dakayo	-dak	-data	—	-dakami	—	bagiyo4	-yo	-yo ida
isu	-nak	-nata	-natayo	-nakami	-naka	-nakayo	bagina4, -na	-na ida
isuda	-dak	-data	-datayo	-dakami	-daka	-dakayo	-da	bagida4, -da ida

⁴Reflexive pronouns use the bagí form.
⁵ isu or isuna may also be added after the enclitics in this column.

Italian

Pronoun

-mi

1. (enclitic) alternative form of mi

   dare (“to give”) → darmi (“to give myself; to give me; to give to me”)

   vendere (“to sell”) → vendermi (“to sell myself; to sell me; to sell to me”)

   servire (“to serve”) → servirmi (“to serve myself; to serve me; to serve to me”)

Usage notes

• Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative or dative forms when the object is first singular person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :

-are → -armi

-ere → -ermi

-ire → -irmi

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurmi (“to introduce myself; to introduce me; to insert in me”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -mi.

Anagrams

• im-

Japanese

Romanization

-mi

1. Rōmaji transcription of み

Kambera

Pronoun

-mi

1. second person plural genitive enclitic

See also

Kambera pronominal clitics

			nominative	genitive	accusative	dative
singular	first person		ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
	second person		mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
	third person		na-	-na	-ya	-nya
plural	first person	inclusive	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
		exclusive	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
	second person		mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
	third person		da-	-da	-ha	-nja

Laboya

Pronoun

-mi

1. second person plural subject enclitic
2. second person plural possessive enclitic

See also

Laboya pronominal clitics

		subject	subject/ possessive	object
singular	1st person	gu-	-gu	-ga
	2nd person	mu-	-mu	-gu
	3rd person	na-	-na	-ni
plural	1st person inclusive	da-	-da	-da
	1st person exclusive	ma-	-ma	-gama
	2nd person	mi-	-mi	-gimi
	3rd person	ɗa-	-ɗa	-di

Makasar

Etymology

Portmanteau of -mo + -i

Suffix

-mi (Lontara spelling ᨆᨗ) (enclitic)

1. perfective aspect marker with third person absolutive pronoun

   Tinromi i Baso. ― Baso is already asleep.

Paraguayan Guarani

Suffix

-mi

1. diminutive suffix.
2. mild imperative suffix.

Quechua

Alternative forms

• (after vowels) -m

Suffix

-mi

1. Evidential suffix, first-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has direct evidence/knowledge of some fact, having experienced it, seen it, heard it, etc.

   Paykunawanmi kachkani.

   I am with them.

   Kuchinillaqa chiwanway ukhuyuqmi.

   The cochineal insect is deep red on the inside.

2. Used to mark an open-ended question; more informal than -taq

   Piwanmi richkanki?

   Who are you going with?

See also

• -s/-si

Sassarese

Pronoun

-mi

1. enclitic form of mi; appended to polysyllabic second-person singular imperative forms

   ciama (“call!”) → ciàmami (“call me!”)

Uneapa

Etymology

From a shortening of Proto-Oceanic *-mami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-mami, from Proto-Austronesian *-ami.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mi/

Suffix

-mi

1. A first-person plural exclusive possessive suffix.

Further reading

• Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365

Warlpiri

Suffix

-mi

1. non-past marker, applied to verbs of class 1 to indicate non-past tense

References

• Mary Laughren, Rob Pensalfini, Tom Mylne, Accounting for verb-initial order in an Australian language, in Verb First: On the syntax of verb-initial languages (2005)