-nya
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Malay -nya, from Proto-Malayic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a (compare Tagalog niya, Javanese -ne, Madurese -na).[1]
Pronunciation
Suffix
-nya
- Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.
- As an possesive adjective.
- ibunya ― his mother
- As an direct or indirect object
- aku memeluknya ― I hugged him
- kami belum memberitahukannya tentang ini ― we haven't tell her yet about this
- As an object of a preposition, with the exception for 'di', 'ke', and 'dalam'.
- aku pinjam pensil ini darinya ― I borrow this pen from him
- As an possesive adjective.
- (by extension)
- (in some contexts and positions only) Used to mark definiteness.
- bangunannya indah ― the building is beautiful (literally, “its building (is) beautiful”)
- pakaiannya mana? ― where is the cloth? (literally, “where (is) its cloth?”)
- Used to mark possessive, especially in some context where it needs to be clear.
- bukunya aku ― my book (literally, “book of me”)
- abangnya Dani ― Dani's older brother (literally, “older brother of Dani”)
- Used to emphasize an adjective.
- manisnya permen ini ― how sweet this candy is
- Uses to nominalize an adjective.
- (with the passive prefix 'di-') Used to nominalize a passive verb.
- dibacanya buku ― the reading of the book
- (sometimes colloquial in some contexts) Uses to nominalize an active verb.
- dia nulisnya lama ― the way he writes is slow
- kamu makannya jangan gitu ― you should not eat like that
- (in some contexts and positions only) Used to mark definiteness.
Usage notes
- This enclitic can also have a plural meaning, especially when referring to objects other than humans or animals.
- When it is used to emphasize an adjective, the adjective is usually placed in front of the sentence, with the enclitic being stressed in the pronunciation.
- When it is used to nominalize adjectives and verbs, the suffixed results are dependant (can not stand alone).
- As with other enclitic pronouns in the language, it is optional and can be replaced with other terms (depending on the function).
Derived terms
See also
References
Further reading
- “-nya” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
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