-ra

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ra"

Ao

Suffix

-ra

1. (Chungli) Conditional marker on verbs: if

   Synonym: -rabang

Further reading

• Gowda, K. S. Gurubasave (1975), Ao Grammar, Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, page 53
• Clark, Mary M. (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, pages 24-25

Basque

Alternative forms

• -era (after consonants)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ra/ [ra]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: -ra

Suffix

-ra

1. Allative singular suffix.

   ‎ibai (“river”) + ‎-ra → ‎ibaira (“to the river”)

2. [with verbal noun] in order to

Declension

Basque inflectional suffixes

		indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive		-∅	-a	-ak	-ok
ergative		-(e)k	-ak	-ek
dative		-(r)i	-ari	-ei	-oi
genitive		-(r)en	-aren	-en	-on
comitative		-(r)ekin	-arekin	-ekin	-okin
causative		-(r)engatik	-arengatik	-engatik	-ongatik
benefactive		-(r)entzat	-arentzat	-entzat	-ontzat
instrumental		-(e)z	-az	-ez	-oz
inessive	anim	-(r)engan	-arengan	-engan	-ongan
	inan	-(e)tan	-an	-etan	-otan
locative	anim	―	―	―	―
	inan	-(e)tako	-(e)ko	-etako	-otako
allative	anim	-(r)engana	-arengana	-engana	-ongana
	inan	-(e)tara	-(e)ra	-etara	-otara
terminative	anim	-(r)enganaino	-arenganaino	-enganaino	-onganaino
	inan	-(e)taraino	-(e)raino	-etaraino	-otaraino
directive	anim	-(r)enganantz	-arenganantz	-enganantz	-onganantz
	inan	-(e)tarantz	-(e)rantz	-etarantz	-otarantz
destinative	anim	-(r)enganako	-arenganako	-enganako	-onganako
	inan	-(e)tarako	-(e)rako	-etarako	-otarako
ablative	anim	-(r)engandik	-arengandik	-engandik	-ongandik
	inan	-(e)tatik	-(e)tik	-etik	-otik
partitive		-(r)ik	―	―	―
prolative		-tzat	―	―	―

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -ra

batera

biharrera

gora

ibairatu

noizdaino

nora

oheratu

References

• R. L. Trask (2008), “-ra”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 334

Finnish

Alternative forms

• -r

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ra, from Proto-Finno-Ugric [Term?].

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-rɑ/, [-rɑ̝]

Suffix

-ra (front vowel harmony variant -rä, linguistic notation -rA)

1. Forms nouns or adjectives, mostly from nominal stems.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ra

avara

-re

häkärä

jakkara

jämerä

jäntterä

Kekarainen

kiemura

kottarainen

kuhmura

kukkura

kupera

kupura

kyttyrä

känttyrä

makkara

muhkura

mukura

myhkyrä

mykkyrä

nikara

nupura

nystyrä

näppärä

papparainen

-ura

vekara

änkyrä

• -ero
• -re
• -roida

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁa/
• Hyphenation: -ra

Suffix

-ra

1. third-person singular future of -re

Garo

Suffix

-ra

1. used to make suggestions

   Iara?

   What about this?

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [rɒ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒ
• Hyphenation: -ra

Suffix

-ra/-re (sublative case suffix)

1. (of place) onto, on

   asztal (“table”) → Tedd az asztalra. ― Put it on the table.

2. (of time) for, by

   pillanat (“moment”) → egy pillanatra ― for a moment

   szerda (“Wednesday”) → Kész lesz szerdára? ― Will it be ready by Wednesday?

Usage notes

• (sublative case suffix) Variants:

  -ra is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.

  pad (“bench”) → Leültem egy padra. ― I sat down on a bench.

  alma (“apple”) → Allergiás vagyok az almára. ― I am allergic to apples.

  -re is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.

  szék (“chair”) → Leültem egy székre. ― I sat down on a chair.

  béke (“peace”) → Mindenki békére vágyik. ― Everyone longs for peace.

Hungarian case suffixes

case	back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	front vowel
		unrounded e, é, i, í	rounded ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative	—
accusative	-t
	-ot / -at	-et	-öt
dative	-nak	-nek
instrumental	-val	-vel
causal-final	-ért
translative	-vá	-vé
terminative	-ig
essive-formal	-ként1
essive-modal	-ul	-ül
inessive	-ban	-ben
superessive	-n
	-on	-en	-ön
adessive	-nál	-nél
illative	-ba	-be
sublative	-ra	-re
allative	-hoz	-hez	-höz
elative	-ból	-ből
delative	-ról	-ről
ablative	-tól	-től

¹ Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except before -ként.
    alma — almában, but almaként
    zene ― zenében, but zeneként

See also

• rá
• Category:Hungarian terms taking -ra/-re
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Hungarian pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (see also postpositions)

case	suffix	who?	what?	this	that	he/she (it)1	verbal prefix	category
nominative	–	ki	mi	ez	az	ő* / -∅ az / -∅	–	–
accusative	-t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt	kit	mit	ezt	azt	őt* / -∅ azt / -∅	–	c1 c2
dative	-nak / -nek	kinek	minek	ennek	annak	neki	neki-	category
instrumental	-val / -vel	kivel	mivel	ezzel/ evvel	azzal/ avval	vele		category
causal-final	-ért	kiért	miért	ezért	azért	érte	–	category
translative	-vá / -vé	kivé	mivé	ezzé	azzá	–	–	category
terminative	-ig	–	meddig	eddig	addig	–	–	category
essive-formal	-ként	(kiként)	(miként)	ekként	akként	–	–	category
essive-modal	-ul / -ül	–	–	–	–	–	–	category
inessive	-ban / -ben	kiben	miben	ebben	abban	benne	–	category
superessive	-n/-on/-en/-ön	kin	min	ezen	azon	rajta	(rajta-)	category
adessive	-nál / -nél	kinél	minél	ennél	annál	nála	–	category
illative	-ba / -be	kibe	mibe	ebbe	abba	bele	bele-	category
sublative	-ra / -re	kire	mire	erre	arra	rá	rá-	category
allative	-hoz/-hez/-höz	kihez	mihez	ehhez	ahhoz	hozzá	hozzá-	category
elative	-ból / -ből	kiből	miből	ebből	abból	belőle	–	category
delative	-ról / -ről	kiről	miről	erről	arról	róla	–	category
ablative	-tól / -től	kitől	mitől	ettől	attól	tőle	–	category

¹Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise.
Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns / edit this template

Irish

Alternative forms

• -radh (obsolete)

Etymology

From Old Irish -rad.

Suffix

-ra m

1. Collective suffix, attached to nouns or adjectives, used to form nouns: -ry, -y

   ‎milseog (“dessert”) + ‎-ra → ‎milseogra (“confectionery”)

   ‎glas (“green”) + ‎-ra → ‎glasra (“vegetable; originally “greenery”)

Declension

Declension of -ra (fourth declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative -ra -raí vocative a -ra a -raí genitive -ra -raí dative -ra -raí forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an -ra na -raí genitive an -ra na -raí dative leis an -ra don -ra leis na -raí

Derived terms

Irish terms suffixed with -ra

airgeadra

ballra

cadhnra

clochra

clogra

colúnra

cranra

daonra

dúlra

eachra

gasra

glasra

gléasra

iarnra

iolra

laochra

líonra

lúbra

macra

marcra

meascra

milseogra

oileánra

réaltra

síolradh

sonra

Japanese

Romanization

-ra

1. Rōmaji transcription of ら

Mayo

Suffix

-ra

1. Suffix forming adjectives from nouns.

   ‎cobba (“head”) + ‎-ra → ‎cóbaꞌara (“big-headed”)

Derived terms

Mayo terms suffixed with -ra

cóbaꞌara

quecáꞌara

tópaꞌara

yécaꞌara

References

• Collard, Howard; Collard, Elisabeth Scott (1984), Castellano-mayo, mayo-castellano (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas Mariano Silva y Aceves; 6)‎ (in Spanish), third edition, México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 203

Murui Huitoto

Etymology

From raa (“thing”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-ɾa]
• Hyphenation: -ra

Classifier

-ra

1. Classifier for inanimate objects.

Derived terms

Murui Huitoto terms suffixed with -ra

guira

jaɨra

jirora

kɨora

References

• Shirley Burtch (1983), Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)‎ (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 208
• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017), A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎, Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 83

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɑ/
• Hyphenation: -ra

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *iʀō, *-ōʀō, from Proto-Germanic *-izô or Proto-Germanic *-ōzô

Suffix

-ra

1. Used to form the comparative degree of adjectives

   ‎strang (“strong”) + ‎-ra → ‎strengra (“stronger”)

Declension

Declension of -ra — Weak only

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-ra	-re	-re
Accusative	-ran	-ran	-re
Genitive	-ran	-ran	-ran
Dative	-ran	-ran	-ran
Instrumental	-ran	-ran	-ran
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-ran	-ran	-ran
Accusative	-ran	-ran	-ran
Genitive	-ra, -rena	-ra, -rena	-ra, -rena
Dative	-rum	-rum	-rum
Instrumental	-rum	-rum	-rum

Descendants

• Middle English: -ere, -er, -ore, -re
  • English: -er
  • Middle Scots: -ar, -ir
    • Scots: -er

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ra

1. Used to form the genitive plural of adjectives

   ‎strang (“strong”) + ‎-ra → ‎strangra (“of the strong (ones)”)

Slovak

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Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ra]
• Hyphenation: -ra

Suffix

-ra f

1. nominal suffix

Usage notes

• This suffix is only used for one word: kostra, hence the genitive plural form -or, the dative plural form -ram and the locative plural form -rach are hypothetical.

Declension

Declension of -ra

	singular	plural
nominative	-ra	-ry
genitive	-ry	-ier, -or
dative	-re	-rám, -ram
accusative	-ru	-ry
locative	-re	-rách, -rach
instrumental	-rou	-rami

Derived terms

Slovak terms suffixed with -ra

no pages or subcategories

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɾa/ [ˈɾa]
• Syllabification: -ra

Suffix

-ra

1. first/third-person singular imperfect subjunctive