Christus

See also: christus

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin Christus, from Koine Greek Χριστός (Khristós), calque of Biblical Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkrɪs.tʏs/
• (some orthodox Protestants and Orthodox Christians) IPA^(key): /ˈxrɪs.tʏs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: Chris‧tus

Proper noun

Christus m

1. (Christianity) Christ, Messiah (Christian title for Jesus of Nazareth)

Related terms

• christelijk
• christen
• christendom
• christenheid

Descendants

• Afrikaans: Christus
• Negerhollands: Christus
• → Caribbean Javanese: Kristes, Kristus

German

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin Christus. Widely displaced the inherited form Christ (from Middle High German Krist) since the 16th century, as the latter had become homophonous with the word for “Christian” (Middle High German kriste(n)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʁɪstʊs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Proper noun

Christus m (proper noun, strong, genitive Christi or Christus' or (with an article) Christus)

1. (Christianity) Christ (Jesus seen as the messiah)

   Christe, erbarme dich unser. ― Christ, have mercy upon us.

Declension

Declension of Christus [sg-only, masculine, strong]

	singular
	indef.	def.	noun
nominative	ein	der	Christus
genitive	eines	des	Christi, Christus', Christus
dative	einem	dem	Christus
accusative	einen	den	Christus

• Obsolete Latinate declension:

Declension of Christus [sg-only, masculine, strong]

	singular
	indef.	def.	noun
nominative	ein	der	Christus
genitive	eines	des	Christi
dative	einem	dem	Christo
accusative	einen	den	Christum
ablative	einen	den	Christo
vocative	einen	den	Christe

Derived terms

• Christi-Geburt-Kirche
• Christuskind
• n. Chr.
• nach Christi Geburt
• nach Christo (obsolete)
• nach Christus
• v. Chr.
• vor Christi Geburt
• vor Christo (obsolete)
• vor Christus

Related terms

• Christ
• Christogramm
• Christokratie
• Christolatrie
• Christologe
• Christologie
• Christologin
• christologisch
• Christomonismus
• christomorph
• Christozentrik
• christozentrisch

Further reading

• “Christus” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Latin

Alternative forms

• Χus, Xpistus, X̄, Chrestus

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *gʰrey-der.

Ancient Greek χρίω (khríō)

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Ancient Greek -τός (-tós)

Ancient Greek χρῑστός (khrīstós)

▲

Biblical Hebrew מָשִׁיחַsl.

▲

Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐsl.

Ancient Greek Χρῑστός (Khrīstós)der.

Latin Christus

From Ancient Greek Χρῑστός (Khrīstós), proper noun use of χρῑστός (khrīstós, “the anointed one”), a calque of Biblical Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (māšīaḥ, “anointed”) and Biblical Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (m'šīḥāʾ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkʰriːs.tʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈkris.tus]

Proper noun

Chrīstus m sg (genitive Chrīstī); second declension

1. (Christianity) Christ (Jesus)
   • Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, 1:1:

     initium evangelii Jesu Christi Filii Dei

     "The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God"

Declension

Second-declension noun, singular only.

	singular
nominative	Chrīstus
genitive	Chrīstī
dative	Chrīstō
accusative	Chrīstum
ablative	Chrīstō
vocative	Chrīste

Synonyms

• (Christ): Iēsūs

Derived terms

• antichrīstus
• chrīstiānismus
• chrīstiānitās
• Chrīstiānus
• chrīsticola
• chrīstigena
• vicārius Christī

Descendants

• → Albanian: Krisht
• → Asturian: Cristu, Cristo, cristu
• → Breton: Krist
• → Catalan: Crist
• → Cornish: Krist
• → Czech: Kristus
• → Danish: Kristus
• → Dutch: Christus
• → Galician: Cristo
• → German: Christus
  • → Luxembourgish: Christus
• → Faroese: Kristus
• → Finnish: Kristus
• Italian: Cristo
• → Latvian: Kristus
• → Lithuanian: Kristus
• → Malayalam: ക്രിസ്തു (kristu)
• → Middle Dutch: Kerst
  • Dutch: Kerst
• → Middle French: Christ
  • French: Christ
• → Norman: Christ
• → Old English: Crist, Krist, ᛣᚱᛁᛋᛏ — Ruthwell Cross
  • Middle English: Crist, Cryst, Criste, Cryste, Kryst, Christ, Crest (in compound)
    • English: Christ
    • Scots: Christ
    • Yola: Cresst
• → Old Irish: Críst
  • Irish: Críost
  • Manx: Creest
  • Scottish Gaelic: Crìosd
• → Old Norse: Kristr
• → Polish: Chrystus
• → Portuguese: Cristo
• → Slovene: Kristus
• → Spanish: Cristo
• → Swedish: Kristus
• → Welsh: Crist

References

• “Christus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “Christus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Samuel Birch, Dictionary of the Hieroglyphics, pp. 415-416
• Jean-François Champollion, Grammaire Egyptienne, page 86

Luxembourgish

Alternative forms

• Chrëschtes (archaic or obsolete)

Etymology

From German Christus, from Latin Christus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʀistus/

Proper noun

Christus m

1. Christ (Jesus)

Derived terms

• Christi Himmelfaart

Related terms

• Chrëscht (see there for more)