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bok
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Symbol
bok
See also
English
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /bɑk/
- (Received Pronunciation, General South African) IPA(key): /bɒk/
- Rhymes: -ɒk
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Etymology 1
From Afrikaans bok. Doublet of buck. Compare German Bock (“willingness, desire”).
Adjective
bok
- (South Africa, slang) Keen or willing.
- "Do you want to go to the movies?" "Ja, I'm bok."
Etymology 2
Interjection
bok
- The clucking sound of a chicken.
- Alternative form: bawk
- 2000, William S Pollack, Todd Shuster, Real boys' voices:
- And he says, "Chicken! Bok bok bok bok!" One time I got up and put the controller down and we started fighting.
- 2004, Andrew Bennett, Nicholas Royle, An introduction to literature, criticism and theory:
- So the librarian gives the chicken a book. The chicken goes away, but comes back the next day, goes up to the librarian's desk and says: 'Bok, bok!'
Verb
bok (third-person singular simple present boks, present participle bokking, simple past and past participle bokked)
- To make the clucking sound of a chicken.
See also
Anagrams
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Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch bok (“buck, male goat”), from Middle Dutch boc, from Old Dutch buc, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz.
Pronunciation
Noun
bok (plural bokke, diminutive bokkie)
- goat
- antelope, buck
- Synonym: wildsbok
- (slang) lover (term of affection)
- Synonym: bokkie
- (gymnastics) vaulting horse
- blunder
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Xhosa: ibhokhwe
Adjective
bok (attributive bokke, comparative bokker, superlative bokste)
Cebuano
Etymology
From Philippine English bok, from bunk, shortened from bunkmate.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: bok
Noun
bok
- one's batchmate or classmate in the Philippine Military Academy
Choctaw
Etymology
Attested as bayuk in the 17th century.
Noun
bōk (alienable)
Declension
Derived terms
Descendants
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Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czech bok, from Proto-Slavic *bokъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
bok m inan (diminutive boček or bůček)
Declension
Declension of bok (velar masculine inanimate)
Related terms
adjectives
- boční
- bokový
nouns
- bokovka
- úbočí
- vbok
verbs
- odbočit
- vybočit
- zabočit
Further reading
- “bok”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “bok”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “bok”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
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Dutch
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch boc, from Old Dutch buc, from Proto-West Germanic *bukk, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz.
Noun
bok m (plural bokken, diminutive bokje n)
- male goat, billy
- Synonym: geitenbok
- buck, horse or pony; strong contraption on legs, resembling a mount
- (gymnastics) vaulting horse
- sawbuck
- Synonym: zaagbok
- a crane on legs
- box, perch (driver's seat on a carriage)
- (printing) job case, type case
- (derogatory) churl, grouch
- (derogatory) oaf, bumpkin
Derived terms
Descendants
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
bok
- inflection of bokken:
Etymology 3
Proposed etymologies include Lokono bo-kia (“emphatic 'you'”), Lokono Lokono (“people, Arawak”), Portuguese botoque (“lip plate”), Portuguese bugre (“derogatory term for an Amerindian”). Compare English buck (“a black or Native American man”).
Noun
bok m (plural bokken, diminutive bokje n, feminine bokkin)
- (Suriname, obsolete) Amerindian person
- 1907, F.P. Penard, A.P. Penard, De menschetende aanbidders der zonneslang [The man-eating worshippers of the sun snake], Paramaribo: H.B. Heyde, pages 49-50:
- Dat echter een afgerichte negerslaaf beter te gebruiken was dan 50 Bokken klinkt wel wat ongelooflijk, in aanmerking genomen, dat thans nog algemeen onder de negers het verhaal de ronde doet, dat de weggeloopen slaven veel banger waren voor de Indianen dan voor de blanken of negersoldaten. Inderdaad in Demerara waren het de Bokken, die daar de vorming van onafhankelijk negerstaten belet hebben.
- However, that a trained Negro slave was more useful than fifty Amerindians sounds somewhat incredible, considering that even now the story is widely told among Negroes that runaway slaves were much more afraid of Indians than whites or Negro soldiers. Indeed, in Demerara, it were the Amerindians who prevented the formation of independent Negro nations.
Derived terms
- bokkendorp
- bokkengrond
- bokkenhout
- bokkenkatoen
- bokkennoot
- bokkenruilder
- bokraaf
Descendants
Etymology 4
Borrowed from Caribbean Javanese mbok.
Noun
bok f (uncountable, no diminutive)
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Kashubian
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
bok m animal
Further reading
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “kozioł”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *bokъ. Cognate with Upper Sorbian bok, Polish bok, Czech bok, Russian бок (bok), and Serbo-Croatian bȍk.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bɔk/
- Homophones: bog, Bog
Noun
bok m inan
- side (bounding straight edge of an object; flat surface of an object; left or right half; surface of a sheet of paper)
- page (one side of a leaf of a book)
- (chiefly in the dual) breast (organs on the front of a woman’s chest, which contain the mammary glands)
- Synonym: prědk
Declension
Declension of bok
- Alternative locative singular: boce
Further reading
- Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “bok”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
- Starosta, Manfred (1999), “bok”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Maranao
Etymology
Noun
bok
- head hair
Marshallese
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Noun
bok
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
bok
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Noun
bok (construct form bokin)
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
Noun
bok
References
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Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old English bōc, in turn from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.
Pronunciation
Noun
bok (plural bokes)
- A document, especially if extensive and composed of bound pages:
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 10:10, folio 120, verso, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- ⁊ I took þe book of þe aũgels hond ⁊ deuourıde ıt .· ⁊ ıt was ĩ my mouþ as ſwete as hony / ⁊ whãne I hadde deuorıde ıt .· my wombe was bıttır […]
- And I took the document from the angel's hand and consumed it; it seemed sweet like honey in my mouth, but when I'd eaten it, my stomach felt bitter.
- A notebook; a document kept empty for spontaneous use.
- A legal or governmental record or register.
- An account book or ledger; a financial record.
- A book; an extended written work:
- c. 1180, Orͬm, “[Preface]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 9, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2019 January 10:
- Þiſſ boc ıſſ nẽ̃nedd. orͬmulũ⹎ forͬþı ꝥ orͬm ıtt ƿrohhte⹎ ⁊ ıtt ıſſ ƿrohͪt off quaþþrıꟑan. off ꟑoddſpellbokeſſ foƿƿre.
- This book is called the "Ormulum" since Orm made it. It's made out of a quadriga; out of the four Gospels […]
- A volume or fascicle of a larger work.
- A particular book (especially the Bible)
- c. 1378-9, [William Langland], “[Prologue]”, in [Piers Plowman, A Treatise on Sin] (W, B-text), London, published c. 1400, →OCLC, folio 2, verso; republished as Thorlac Turville-Petre, Hoyt N. Duggan, editors, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B.15.17 (The Piers Plowman Electronic Archive; 2), SEENET, 2014, →ISBN:
- I ꝑrceyued of þe power. þat Peter hadde to kepe / To bynden and vnbynden. as þe book telleþ
- I comprehended the power that Peter had to maintain: / to lock and unlock, as the [Good] Book says […]
- (figuratively) Knowledge, ethics or a source of them.
Related terms
Descendants
References
- “bọ̄k, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Middle Low German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Saxon bōk, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.
Pronunciation
- Stem vowel: ô¹
Noun
bôk n
Descendants
Norwegian Bokmål
Alternative forms
- bog (non-standard since 1907)
Etymology
From Old Norse bók (“beech, book”), from Proto-Germanic *bōks (“letter”), either from *bōkō (“beech”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”), or from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute, allot”).
Pronunciation
Noun
bok f or m (definite singular boka or boken, indefinite plural bøker, definite plural bøkene)
Usage notes
- One of the nouns whose feminine form is predominant in formal writing.
Derived terms
Noun
bok f or m (definite singular boka or boken, indefinite plural boker, definite plural bokene)
- beech (tree)
Alternative forms
References
- “bok” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Akin to English book, German Low German Book.
Pronunciation
Noun
bok f (definite singular boka, indefinite plural bøker, definite plural bøkene)
Derived terms
References
- “bok” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Polish
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *bokъ
Old Polish bok
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bokъ. First attested in the 13th century.
Pronunciation
Noun
bok m inan (related adjective bokowy)
- (anatomy, attested in Masovia, Lesser Poland, Silesia, Greater Poland) side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person or animal)
- 1937 [Second half of the 15th century], Józef Birkenmajer, editor, Bogarodzica dziewica. Analiza tekstu, treści i formy, number C, Warsaw:
- Czyebye dla, czlowyecze, dal bog przeklocz szobye bok, racze, nodze obye
- [Ciebie dla, człowiecze, dał Bog przekłóć sobie bok, ręce, nodze obie]
- side, flank (neither the front nor the back of an object)
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]scan transliteration, transcription, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 47, 2:
- Zacladana iest weselim wszelika zema gora Syon: boky polnoczi, masto crola welikego (fundatur exultatione universae terrae mons Sion: latera aquilonis, civitas regis magni)
- [Zakładana jest wiesielim wszelikiej ziemie gora Syjon, boki północy, miasto króla wielikiego (fundatur exultatione universae terrae mons Sion: latera aquilonis, civitas regis magni)]
Derived terms
verbs
- boczyć impf
Descendants
References
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “bok”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017), “bok”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “bok”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “bok”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “bok”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “bok”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Old Saxon
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks, whence also Old English bōc, Old Frisian bōk, Old High German buoh, Old Norse bók.
Noun
bōk f or n
Declension
Descendants
Old Swedish
Alternative forms
- ᛒᚮᚴ (Runic)
Etymology
From Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.
Noun
bōk f
Declension
Descendants
Polish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Polish bok.
Noun
bok m inan (related adjective boczny)
- (anatomy) side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person, animal)
- (Middle Polish) physical or emotional closeness to someone
- side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of an object)
- Synonym: strona
- side (place in space located to the right or left of some central reference point)
- (geometry) side (segment connecting two vertices of a polygon)
- side (place out of the way)
- (obsolete, mining) shaft wall
- (Middle Polish, collective, metonomically) man; human community; group
- (Middle Polish) side; Further details are uncertain.
Declension
Declension of bok
Derived terms
interjections
verbs
- mieć na boku impf
- odłożyć na bok pf, odkładać na bok impf
- podeprzeć się pod boki pf, podpierać się pod boki impf
- popatrzeć z boku pf, patrzeć z boku impf
- skakać na boki impf
- stać z boku impf
- stanąć z boku pf, stawać z boku impf
- wyjść bokiem pf, wychodzić bokiem impf
- zrywać boki impf
Derived terms
adverbs
- bocznie
- pobocznie
nouns
Etymology 2
See bąk.
Noun
bok m animal
Further reading
- bok in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- bok in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “bok”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Wiesław Morawski (23.10.2012), “BOK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “bok”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “bok”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bok”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 186
- bok in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Serbo-Croatian
Silesian
Swedish
Tagalog
Turkish
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