chiar

Galician

Etymology

From chío +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃiˈaɾ/

Verb

chiar (first-person singular present chío, first-person singular preterite chiei, past participle chiado)
chiar (first-person singular present chio, first-person singular preterite chiei, past participle chiado, reintegrationist norm)

1. to tweet
2. (figurative) to complain

   Synonyms: ladrar, rosmar

3. to squeak, to screech

   Synonyms: rechiar, renxer

4. to oink, to grunt

   Synonyms: cuiñar, cuincar, gruñir

Conjugation

    Conjugation of chiar (i becomes í when stressed)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chiar
Personal	chiar	chiares	chiar	chiarmos	chiardes	chiaren
Gerund
	chiando
Past participle
Masculine	chiado			chiados
Feminine	chiada			chiadas
Indicative
Present	chío	chías	chía	chiamos	chiades	chían
Imperfect	chiaba	chiabas	chiaba	chiabamos	chiabades	chiaban
Preterite	chiei	chiaches	chiou	chiamos	chiastes	chiaron
Pluperfect	chiara	chiaras	chiara	chiaramos	chiarades	chiaran
Future	chiarei	chiarás	chiará	chiaremos	chiaredes	chiarán
Conditional	chiaría	chiarías	chiaría	chiariamos	chiariades	chiarían
Subjunctive
Present	chíe	chíes	chíe	chiemos	chiedes	chíen
Imperfect	chiase	chiases	chiase	chiásemos	chiásedes	chiasen
Future	chiar	chiares	chiar	chiarmos	chiardes	chiaren
Imperative
Affirmative		chía	chíe	chiemos	chiade	chíen
Negative (non)		non chíes	non chíe	non chiemos	non chiedes	non chíen

    Reintegrated conjugation of chiar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chiar
Personal	chiar	chiares	chiar	chiarmos	chiardes	chiarem
Gerund
	chiando
Past participle
Masculine	chiado			chiados
Feminine	chiada			chiadas
Indicative
Present	chio	chias	chia	chiamos	chiades, chiais	chiam
Imperfect	chiava	chiavas	chiava	chiávamos	chiávades, chiáveis, chiávais1	chiavam
Preterite	chiei	chiaste, chiache1	chiou	chiamos	chiastes	chiárom, chiaram
Pluperfect	chiara	chiaras	chiara	chiáramos	chiárades, chiáreis, chiárais1	chiaram
Future	chiarei	chiarás	chiará	chiaremos	chiaredes, chiareis	chiarám, chiarão
Conditional	chiaria	chiarias	chiaria	chiaríamos	chiaríades, chiaríeis, chiaríais1	chiariam
Subjunctive
Present	chie	chies	chie	chiemos	chiedes, chieis	chiem
Imperfect	chiasse	chiasses	chiasse	chiássemos	chiássedes, chiásseis	chiassem
Future	chiar	chiares	chiar	chiarmos	chiardes	chiarem
Imperative
Affirmative		chia	chie	chiemos	chiade, chiai	chiem
Negative (nom)		nom chies	nom chie	nom chiemos	nom chiedes, nom chieis	nom chiem

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• chío

References

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “chiar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “chiar”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “chiar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “chiar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “chiar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /çiəɾˠ/

Adjective

chiar

1. lenited form of ciar

Portuguese

Etymology

From chio +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʃiˈa(ʁ)/ [ʃɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʃja(ʁ)/ [ˈʃja(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʃiˈa(ʁ)/ [ʃɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʃja(ʁ)/ [ˈʃja(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ʃiˈa(ɾ)/ [ʃɪˈa(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʃja(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʃiˈa(ʁ)/ [ʃɪˈa(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʃja(ʁ)/ [ˈʃja(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʃiˈa(ɻ)/ [ʃɪˈa(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʃja(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʃjaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʃjaɾ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃjaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʃja.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: chi‧ar

Verb

chiar (first-person singular present chio, first-person singular preterite chiei, past participle chiado)

1. (intransitive) to squeak, to squeal, to screech
2. (intransitive) to sizzle, to hiss
3. (intransitive) to complain, to nag
4. (Brazil) to pronounce the s at the coda position with a /ʃ/ sound instead of a /s/ sound

Conjugation

    Conjugation of chiar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chiar
Personal	chiar	chiares	chiar	chiarmos	chiardes	chiarem
Gerund
	chiando
Past participle
Masculine	chiado			chiados
Feminine	chiada			chiadas
Indicative
Present	chio	chias	chia	chiamos	chiais	chiam
Imperfect	chiava	chiavas	chiava	chiávamos	chiáveis	chiavam
Preterite	chiei	chiaste	chiou	chiamos1, chiámos2	chiastes	chiaram
Pluperfect	chiara	chiaras	chiara	chiáramos	chiáreis	chiaram
Future	chiarei	chiarás	chiará	chiaremos	chiareis	chiarão
Conditional	chiaria	chiarias	chiaria	chiaríamos	chiaríeis	chiariam
Subjunctive
Present	chie	chies	chie	chiemos	chieis	chiem
Imperfect	chiasse	chiasses	chiasse	chiássemos	chiásseis	chiassem
Future	chiar	chiares	chiar	chiarmos	chiardes	chiarem
Imperative
Affirmative		chia	chie	chiemos	chiai	chiem
Negative (não)		não chies	não chie	não chiemos	não chieis	não chiem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “chiar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
• “chiar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin clārus, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”). Doublet of clar, which was a borrowing. Used almost always as an adverb in modern speech (compare Latin pure, adverb form of purus). The old adjective form is only found in old texts and in some expressions such as "din chiar senin" or "apă chioară" ("clear or pure water"), where it was influenced phonetically by the unrelated word chior. Compare also Istro-Romanian cľår.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kjar/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adverb

chiar

1. even

   chiar dacă ― even if

2. just

   chiar acum ― just now

   chiar așa ― just like that, just such

Adjective

chiar m or n (feminine singular chiară, masculine plural chiari, feminine/neuter plural chiare)

1. (obsolete) clear

Declension

Declension of chiar

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	chiar		chiară		chiari	chiare
	definite	chiarul		chiara		chiarii	chiarele
genitive- dative	indefinite	chiar		chiare		chiari	chiare
	definite	chiarului		chiarei		chiarilor	chiarelor

Related terms

• clar

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /çʰiaɾ/

Adjective

chiar

1. lenited form of ciar