chwalu

Welsh

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈχwalɨ̞/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈχwa(ː)li/
• Rhymes: -alɨ̞

Verb

chwalu (first-person singular present chwalaf, not mutable)

1. (transitive) to demolish

   Mae rhan o wal wedi'i chwalu gan fandaliaid.

   Part of a wall has been demolished by vandals.

2. (ambitransitive) to shatter
3. (ambitransitive) to crash

Conjugation

Conjugation of chwalu (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	chwalaf	chweli	chwala	chwalwn	chwelwch, chwalwch	chwalant	chwelir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	chwalwn	chwalit	chwalai	chwalem	chwalech	chwalent	chwelid
preterite	chwelais	chwelaist	chwalodd	chwalasom	chwalasoch	chwalasant	chwalwyd
pluperfect	chwalaswn	chwalasit	chwalasai	chwalasem	chwalasech	chwalasent	chwalasid, chwalesid
present subjunctive	chwalwyf	chwelych	chwalo	chwalom	chwaloch	chwalont	chwaler
imperative	—	chwala	chwaled	chwalwn	chwelwch, chwalwch	chwalent	chwaler
verbal noun	chwalu
verbal adjectives	chwaledig chwaladwy

Conjugation of chwalu (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	chwala i, chwalaf i	chwali di	chwalith o/e/hi, chwaliff e/hi	chwalwn ni	chwalwch chi	chwalan nhw
conditional	chwalwn i, chwalswn i	chwalet ti, chwalset ti	chwalai fo/fe/hi, chwalsai fo/fe/hi	chwalen ni, chwalsen ni	chwalech chi, chwalsech chi	chwalen nhw, chwalsen nhw
preterite	chwalais i, chwales i	chwalaist ti, chwalest ti	chwalodd o/e/hi	chwalon ni	chwaloch chi	chwalon nhw
imperative	—	chwala	—	—	chwalwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• chwalfa (“demolition, crash”)

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “chwalu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
• Delyth Prys; J.P.M. Jones; Owain Davies; Gruffudd Prys (2006), Y Termiadur: termau wedi'u safoni; standardised terminology‎ (in Welsh), Cardiff: Awdurdod cymwysterau, cwricwlwm ac asesu Cymru (Qualifications curriculum & assessment authority for Wales), →ISBN, page 130