estimer

French

FWOTD – 11 September 2013

Alternative forms

• æstimer (obsolete)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *aistomāō

Old Latin aestumō

Latin aestimōlbor.

Old French estimer

Middle French estimer

French estimer

From Middle French estimer, from Old French estimer, a learned borrowing from Latin aestimāre. Displaced inherited Old French esmer, which had become homonymous with aimer (“to love”). By Middle French times, it had entered the vernacular to some extent; accordingly the form étimer is attested in the 17th century, albeit rarely.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛs.ti.me/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (France (Somain)):

  (file)

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready. Particularly: "Non-Parisian"

Verb

estimer

1. (transitive) to estimate, to calculate roughly
2. (transitive) to esteem, to hold in high regard
3. (transitive) to give some thought to, to consider

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Conjugation

Conjugation of estimer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	estimer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	estimant /ɛs.ti.mɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		estimé /ɛs.ti.me/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	estime /ɛs.tim/2	estimes /ɛs.tim/	estime /ɛs.tim/	estimons /ɛs.ti.mɔ̃/	estimez /ɛs.ti.me/	estiment /ɛs.tim/
	imperfect	estimais /ɛs.ti.mɛ/	estimais /ɛs.ti.mɛ/	estimait /ɛs.ti.mɛ/	estimions /ɛs.ti.mjɔ̃/	estimiez /ɛs.ti.mje/	estimaient /ɛs.ti.mɛ/
	past historic3	estimai /ɛs.ti.me/	estimas /ɛs.ti.ma/	estima /ɛs.ti.ma/	estimâmes /ɛs.ti.mam/	estimâtes /ɛs.ti.mat/	estimèrent /ɛs.ti.mɛʁ/
	future	estimerai /ɛs.tim.ʁe/	estimeras /ɛs.tim.ʁa/	estimera /ɛs.tim.ʁa/	estimerons /ɛs.tim.ʁɔ̃/	estimerez /ɛs.tim.ʁe/	estimeront /ɛs.tim.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	estimerais /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/	estimerais /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/	estimerait /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/	estimerions /ɛs.ti.mə.ʁjɔ̃/	estimeriez /ɛs.ti.mə.ʁje/	estimeraient /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior3	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	estime /ɛs.tim/2	estimes /ɛs.tim/	estime /ɛs.tim/	estimions /ɛs.ti.mjɔ̃/	estimiez /ɛs.ti.mje/	estiment /ɛs.tim/
	imperfect3	estimasse /ɛs.ti.mas/	estimasses /ɛs.ti.mas/	estimât /ɛs.ti.ma/	estimassions /ɛs.ti.ma.sjɔ̃/	estimassiez /ɛs.ti.ma.sje/	estimassent /ɛs.ti.mas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect3	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	estime /ɛs.tim/	—	estimons /ɛs.ti.mɔ̃/	estimez /ɛs.ti.me/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 estimé when inverted.
3 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• sous-estimer

Descendants

• → Norwegian Bokmål: estimere

Further reading

• “estimer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• ermites, meistre, mérites, métiers, remîtes

Middle French

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *aistomāō

Old Latin aestumō

Latin aestimōlbor.

Old French estimer

Middle French estimer

Inherited from Old French estimer, a learned borrowing from Latin aestimō, from Old Latin aestumō, from Proto-Italic *aistomāō. Replaced inherited Old French esmer.

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Verb

estimer

1. to think; to consider; to have the opinion (that)

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of estimer

infinitive	simple	estimer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	estimant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		estimé
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	estime	estimes	estime	estimons	estimez	estiment
	imperfect	estimois, estimoys	estimois, estimoys	estimoit, estimoyt	estimions, estimyons	estimiez, estimyez	estimoient, estimoyent
	past historic	estima	estimas	estima	estimasmes	estimastes	estimerent
	future	estimerai, estimeray	estimeras	estimera	estimerons	estimerez	estimeront
	conditional	estimerois, estimeroys	estimerois, estimeroys	estimeroit, estimeroyt	estimerions, estimeryons	estimeriez, estimeryez	estimeroient, estimeroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	estime	estimes	estime	estimons	estimez	estiment
	imperfect	estimasse	estimasses	estimast	estimassions	estimassiez	estimassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	estime	—	estimons	estimez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Derived terms

• estimable

Descendants

• French: estimer, æstimer (obsolete)
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: estimere
• → English: esteem

References

• “estimer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Verb

estimer

1. imperative of estimere

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Old French

Alternative forms

• esmer (inherited)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *aistomāō

Old Latin aestumō

Latin aestimōlbor.

Old French estimer

Learned borrowing from Latin aestimāre from the end of the 13th to the early 14th c.

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Verb

estimer

1. to think; to consider; to have the opinion (that)

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ms, *-mt are modified to ns, nt. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of estimer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		estimer			avoir estimé
gerund		en estimant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		estimant
past participle		estimé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	estim	estimes	estime	estimons	estimez	estiment
	imperfect	estimoie, estimeie, estimoe, estimeve	estimoies, estimeies, estimoes, estimeves	estimoit, estimeit, estimot, estimeve	estimiiens, estimiens	estimiiez, estimiez	estimoient, estimeient, estimoent, estimevent
	preterite	estimai	estimas	estima	estimames	estimastes	estimerent
	future	estimerai	estimeras	estimera	estimerons	estimeroiz, estimereiz, estimerez	estimeront
	conditional	estimeroie, estimereie	estimeroies, estimereies	estimeroit, estimereit	estimeriiens, estimeriens	estimeriiez, estimeriez	estimeroient, estimereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	estim	estins	estint	estimons	estimez	estiment
	imperfect	estimasse	estimasses	estimast	estimissons, estimissiens	estimissoiz, estimissez, estimissiez	estimassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	estime	—	estimons	estimez	—

Descendants

• Middle French: estimer
  • French: estimer, æstimer (obsolete)
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: estimere
  • → English: esteem

Further reading

• “estimer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (estimer)
• estimer on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub