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ex

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: Ex, ex., ex-, -ex, eX, EX, and ex̱

English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɛks/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛks

Etymology 1

From Latin ex.

Noun

ex (plural exes)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter X/x.
    • 1984 Waite, Prata & Martin, C (Computer Program Language), p. 190
      Thus first C checks to see if ex and wye are equal. The resulting value of 1 or 0 (true or false) then is compared to the value of zee.
Derived terms
Translations
See also

Etymology 2

From the fact that crossing something out often results in the shape of the letter X.

Verb

ex (third-person singular simple present exes, present participle exing, simple past and past participle exed)

  1. To delete; to cross out.
    Alternative form: X
  2. (slang) To extinguish the life of.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:kill
    • 2023 December 6, “Mission Complete”, Tapeoff X Trapfit (Harlem Spartans) (lyrics), 0:57:
      You upset cuz your friend got exed
      I got pissed cuz my bro got knifed

Etymology 3

Standalone use of prefix ex-.

Noun

ex (plural exes)

  1. (colloquial) A former partner or spouse; an ex-girlfriend, ex-boyfriend, ex-wife, or ex-husband.
    My friend has an ex who now lives abroad.
    Her ex is still sending her flowers, even though she has moved on.
    • 1944, Agatha Christie, Towards Zero:
      "It's going to be a lovely party!" said Kay. "Nevile and I, and Nevile's Ex, and some Malayan planter who's home on leave."
    • 2021 February 13, Lauren M. Johnson, “Two Southern sheriff’s offices are offering Valentine’s Day deal for exes”, in CNN‎:
      Two sheriff’s offices in the South are offering up a Valentine’s Day deal for those who have exes with colorful histories.
    • 2024 January 18, Gina Cherelus, “TikTok Is 'Standing on Business.' What Does That Mean?”, in The New York Times‎, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 29 February 2024:
      Seek so much as a kernel of advice on the internet in 2024 about conflicts in a relationship, a situationship or even an affair, and you may find yourself inundated with recommendations to "stand on business." A Hinge match asks to reschedule your first date with 30 minutes' notice? Stand on business. Your ex continues to hit you up months after the breakup? Stand on business.
Translations

Adjective

ex (not comparable)

  1. Ex-, former, previously but no longer.
    My algebra II teacher's dad is an ex PE teacher at the same school.
ex- — see ex-

Etymology 4

From Latin ex (“out of, from”); originated as a telegraphic abbreviation.

Adjective

ex (not comparable)

  1. (rail transport, of a train) the place the train originated from or called at prior to the present location.
    • 1885, F. A. Marindin, quoting Arthur Oakes, edited by Henry G. Calcraft, Annual Reports, Returns, Etc‎, Midland Railway - inquiry into the causes of a collision at Swinton station, page 96:
      When between the station and the junction I was looking to the rear of the train on the near side, thinking it possible that we might receive a signal from the guard to shunt at Swindon junction to allow the 2.27 a.m. fast train ex Derby to pass, but the guard did not give any signal
    • 1921, John Hope Fellows, editor, The Locomotive News and Railway Contractor, Volumes 8-10‎, Locomotive news agency, page 34:
      The train was the 12.40 p.m. ex Derby on January 14th, 1914
    • 2003 February 11, "Fat Richard", “Re: Chiltern not stopping at Warwick Parkway”, in uk.railway‎ (Usenet), retrieved 11 June 2018, message-ID <2a1e76b8-185c-4b27-a8d2-6f3f3331f6cd@dp10g2000vbb.googlegroups.com>:
      All trains from start of service up to the 13.57 ex Norwich (16.45 ex Nottingham) are 4 cars between Nottingham and Liverpool and all East bound trains are 4 cars from Liverpool Lime Street as far as Nottingham.
    • 2016 March 17, Derek Jones, “South East Bus Festival, Detling, 2 April 2016”, in Invicta Newsgroup‎ (Usenet), retrieved 11 June 2018, message-ID <CAJ9GgXJNSabs=QsEzzf-tCXQcXPdZyRZgiEtk9J3e8ToRs+ctg@mail.gmail.com>:
      The outward timing is: Ashford International railway station (domestic side) *departs at 09.25hrs* (connecting with the 07.32 ex Brighton *Marshlink* train and, 08.37 ex London St. Pancras International *HS1* train)
Usage notes
  • ex is always followed by a location and frequently preceded by a time or other identifier of the specific train. The time may be either the time it was scheduled to depart the given location or the time it was scheduled to pass the current location.
  • ex can be used in biological taxonomy in identifying the author. See Author citation (botany)#Usage of the term "ex".

Etymology 5

Clipping of expensive.

Adjective

ex (comparative more ex, superlative most ex)

  1. (Singapore, colloquial) expensive, dear
    It's too ex.

Etymology 6

Noun

ex

  1. (Canada) Clipping of exhibition.

See also

other terms containing the word "ex"

Anagrams

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Catalan

Pronunciation

Noun

ex m or f by sense (invariable)

  1. ex (former partner)

Chinese

Etymology

From English ex- (“former”).

Pronunciation

Noun

ex

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) ex (former partner)

Dutch

Pronunciation

Noun

ex m or f (plural exen, diminutive exje n)

  1. ex (former partner)

Finnish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈeks/, [ˈe̞ks̠]
  • Rhymes: -eks

Noun

ex

  1. (rare, colloquial) alternative form of eksä (“ex”) (former partner or spouse)

Declension

More information nominative, genitive ...
More information first-person singular possessor, singular ...
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French

Pronunciation

Noun

ex m or f by sense (invariable)

  1. ex (former partner)

German

Pronunciation

Verb

ex

  1. singular imperative of exen
  2. (colloquial) first-person singular present of exen

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Noun

ex (plural exek)

  1. (colloquial) ex (ex-husband, ex-wife or ex-partner)

Declension

More information singular, plural ...
More information possessor, single possession ...

Further reading

  • (interjection, a kind of prompt while drinking, cf. fenékig; emptying the glass in one go; or with an adverb in a foreign-like construction, such as ex has): ex in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
  • ex in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
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Icelandic

Pronunciation

Noun

ex n (genitive singular ex, nominative plural ex)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter X/x.

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

Irish

Pronunciation

Noun

ex

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter x/X.

See also

Italian

Etymology

See ex-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɛks/
  • Rhymes: -ɛks
  • Hyphenation: èx

Noun

ex m or f by sense (invariable)

  1. Ellipsis of ex-fidanzato, ex-fidanzata, ex-marito, ex-moglie, ex-coniuge: anybody the subject has been formerly married or betrothed to.

Latin

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Italic *eks (alternative form of *eɣ), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex) or ἐκ (ek), Old Irish ess-, a, ass, Lithuanian i̇̀š and Old Church Slavonic из (iz).

    Alternative forms

    Preposition

    ex (+ ablative)

    1. (expressing elative meaning): out of, from
      • 54 BCE – 51 BCE, Cicero, De re publica 2.34:
        Sed hoc loco primum videtur insitiva quadam disciplina doctior facta esse civitas. Influxit enim non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem, sed abundantissimus amnis illarum disciplinarum et artium.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
      1. down from
      2. up from
    2. (absolute uses):
      1. (expressing origin): indicates the place from which something comes from; (of humans) indicates one's birthplace, motherland, country: from, of
      2. (expressing belonging): from, of
    3. (partitively or in comparisons) indicates a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part: out of, out from, of, among
      Synonym: dē
      Ex omnibus rēbus, ācerrimī bellō Rōmānī sunt. ― Out of all peoples, Romans are the fiercest warriors.
    4. (expressing location): indicates the place from which anything is done or takes place: off, from, on
      Synonyms: ab, dē
      1. (in various set phrases):
        ex itinere ― on/during the journey
        ex adversō ― on the opposite side, in front, against
        ex equō ― on horseback
        ex īnsidiīs ― in ambush, lying hidden
    5. (expressing distance): from
      Synonym: ab
    6. (when used with various verbs broadly indicating "to take", physically or mentally):
      1. away from, out of the hands of
      2. (with verbs indicating inquiery, learning, etc...) indicates someone from which information is taken: from
        Synonyms: ab, dē
        rem quaerere ex aliquō ― to inquire of something from someone (often forcefully)
      3. (figuratively) from a given cause, out of, through
    7. (temporal uses):
      1. directly, immediately after
        Near-synonym: ab
        aliud ex aliō ― one thing after another
        diem ex diē ― day after day
      2. since, from, from... onward
    8. (expressing composition):
      1. indicates the material from which something is made: (made) of
      2. (of food or medical preparations) indicates the material with which something is mixed: mixed with
      3. indicates the colors which something is mixed with or composed of: with
        • 4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica IX.III:
          Peripateticae sectae conditor Aristoteles in his libris quos de animalibus conscripsit examinum genera conplura demonstrat, […] [apes alia esse] ex aureolo varias atque leves.
          (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    9. (expressing cause) because of, by, on account of, owing to (especially used to indicate where something got its name from)
      Synonyms: ob, propter
      aliquid alicuius alterius ex iniūriā fēcisse ― to have done something because of [the fault of] someone else
      Scīpiōnī imperātōrī cognōmen Āfricānō ex virtūte in Carthāginēnsēs fuit.
      Scipio got his surname of Africanus owing to his courage against the people of Carthage.
    10. (expressing means) by, through, with the help of
      ex īnsidiīs ― by, through trickery; craftily
    11. indicates a change from one state or condition to another: from, out of
      1. (post-classical, chiefly Epigraphic Latin) with names of offices, indicates that one has completed his term of office
        ex cōnsule vir (vir cōnsulāris) ― an ex-consul
    12. according to, after, in conformity with
      Synonyms: per, secundum
      ex cōnsuētūdine ― according to custom, as is customary; by habit
      ex sententiā (meā) ― according to me; according to my plan, as I wanted
    13. (only in a few set phrases) forms predicative adjective phrases indicating “pertinent with”, “stemming from”, “to the advantage of”
      Antonym: ab
      alicui aliquid ex ūsū esse ― for something to be useful/of use to someone
      ē rē publicā vidērī dēcertāre ― to be considered for the greater good of the Roman state to fight
      ex rē alicuius esse ― to be in someone's interest
      ex rē esse ― to be pertinent
      alicuius aliquid ex iniūriā esse ― for something to be bad for someone
    Usage notes
    • Whereas the preposition ab indicates an external separation and dē more of a removal, in its most basic sense, ex indicates motion from the interior or middle of things. It can however be used alongside verbs prefixed with either ab- or dē-.
    • Sometimes apocopated with compensatory lengthening as ē. In cases where the following word begins with a vowel or h, only ex is used. Besides that, there are no rules for the use of either ē or ex, with both forms even used in the same sentence (e.g. "qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt”, Cicero, Republic 6, 14).
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Noun

    ex f (indeclinable)

    1. A name of the letter X.
    Usage notes
    • Multiple Latin names for the letter X, x have been suggested. The most common are ix or īx, ex, or a syllabic x, although there is some evidence which also supports such names for the letter as xē and xə.
    Synonyms
    • (name of the letter X): ix, īx
    Coordinate terms

    References

    • Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63

    References

    • “ex”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “ex”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • "ex", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
    • “ex”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
      • to stand out of the water: ex aqua exstare
      • to come to the surface: (se) ex aqua emergere
      • to draw off water from a river: aquam ex flumine derivare
      • the Rhine rises in the Alps: Rhenus oritur or profluit ex Alpibus
      • the tide is coming in: aestus ex alto se incitat (B. G. 3.12)
      • to evacuate territory: (ex) finibus excedere
      • to return from a journey: ex itinere redire
      • to leave a place: discedere a, de, ex loco aliquo
      • to leave a place: egredi loco; excedere ex loco
      • to quit a place for ever: decedere loco, de, ex loco
      • to dismount: descendere ex equo
      • the Nile rushes down from very high mountains: Nilus praecipitat ex altissimis montibus
      • to rush out of the house: se proripere ex domo
      • since the time that, since (at the beginning of a sentence): ex quo tempore or simply ex quo
      • to wrest from a person's hand: ex or de manibus alicui or alicuius extorquere aliquid
      • to go out of sight, disappear: abire ex oculis, e conspectu alicuius
      • a native of England: ortus ab Anglis or oriundus ex Anglis
      • to leave one's boyhood behind one, become a man: ex pueris excedere
      • to have the gout: ex pedibus laborare, pedibus aegrum esse
      • to recover from a disease: ex morbo convalescere (not reconvalescere)
      • to sleep soundly (from fatigue): arte, graviter dormire (ex lassitudine)
      • to depart this life: (ex) vita excedere, ex vita abire
      • to depart this life: de vita exire, de (ex) vita migrare
      • concatenation, interdependence of causes: rerum causae aliae ex aliis nexae
      • important results are often produced by trivial causes: ex parvis saepe magnarum rerum momenta pendent
      • to originate in, arise from: ex aliqua re nasci, manare
      • to accrue in great abundance: ex aliqua re redundare (in or ad aliquid)
      • untold advantages arise from a thing: utilitas efflorescit ex aliqua re
      • these things have the same origin: haec ex eodem fonte fluunt, manant
      • from every point of view; looked at in every light: omni ex parte; in omni genere; omnibus rebus
      • to a certain extent: aliqua ex parte
      • to depend upon a thing: pendēre ex aliqua re
      • to be composed of; to consist of: constare ex aliqua re
      • it is evident from..: cernitur (in) aliqua re (not ex aliqua re)
      • to let success slip through one's fingers: fortunam ex manibus dimittere
      • his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is..: ad felicitatem (magnus) cumulus accedit ex aliqua re
      • to rescue from peril: aliquem ex periculo eripere, servare
      • to raise a man from poverty to wealth: aliquem ex paupere divitem facere
      • to be of use: usui or ex usu esse
      • to derive (great) profit , advantage from a thing: fructum (uberrimum) capere, percipere, consequi ex aliqua re
      • (great) advantage accrues to me from this: fructus ex hac re redundant in or ad me
      • to find favour with some one; to get into their good graces: benevolentiam, favorem, voluntatem alicuius sibi conciliare or colligere (ex aliqua re)
      • according to a man's deserts: ex, pro merito
      • as one would wish; to one's mind: ex sententia
      • I heard him say..: ex eo audivi, cum diceret
      • to derive pleasure from a thing: voluptatem ex aliqua re capere or percipere
      • to recruit oneself, seek relaxation: animum relaxare, reficere, recreare or simply se reficere, se recreare, refici, recreari (ex aliqua re)
      • to infer by comparison, judge one thing by another: coniecturam alicuius rei facere or capere ex aliqua re
      • to judge others by oneself: de se (ex se de aliis) coniecturam facere
      • to relieve a man of his scruple: scrupulum ex animo alicuius evellere (Rosc. Am. 2. 6)
      • according to my strong conviction: ex animi mei sententia (vid. sect. XI. 2)
      • to put off from one day to another: diem ex die ducere, differre
      • from memory; by heart: ex memoria (opp. de scripto)
      • the memory of this will never fade from my mind: numquam ex animo meo memoria illius rei discedet
      • a thing escapes, vanishes from the memory: aliquid excidit e memoria, effluit, excidit ex animo
      • to choose one from a large number of instances: ex infinita exemplorum copia unum (pauca) sumere, decerpere (eligere)
      • to take a lesson from some one's example: sibi exemplum sumere ex aliquo or exemplum capere de aliquo
      • systematic succession, concatenation: continuatio seriesque rerum, ut alia ex alia nexa et omnes inter se aptae colligataeque sint (N. D. 1. 4. 9)
      • to derive an argument from a thing: argumentum ducere, sumere ex aliqua re or petere ab aliqua re
      • to draw a conclusion from a thing: concludere, colligere, efficere, cogere ex aliqua re
      • it follows from this that..: sequitur (not ex quo seq.) ut
      • it follows from this that..: ex quo, unde, hinc efficitur ut
      • to speak extempore: subito, ex tempore (opp. ex praeparato) dicere
      • there is a flavour of Atticism about his discourse: ex illius orationibus ipsae Athenae redolent
      • profound sentiments: sententiae reconditae ex exquisitae (Brut. 97. 274)
      • to read a speech: de scripto orationem habere, dicere (opp. sine scripto, ex memoria)
      • to translate from Plato: ab or de (not ex) Platone vertere, convertere, transferre
      • what follows has been translated into Latin from Plato's Phaedo: ex Platonis Phaedone haec in latinum conversa sunt
      • to extract a word from some one: verbum ex aliquo elicere
      • no word escaped him: nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simply ei)
      • to form, derive a word from... (used of the man who first creates the word): vocabulum, verbum, nomen ducere ab, ex...
      • to make extracts from Cicero's writings: aliquid, multa ex Ciceronis libris excerpere (not excerpere librum)
      • to take pleasure in a thing: laetitiam capere or percipere ex aliqua re
      • I am pained, vexed, sorry: doleo aliquid, aliqua re, de and ex aliqua re
      • to be vexed about a thing: dolorem capere (percipere) ex aliqua re
      • to undergo severe trouble, trials: magnum luctum haurire (without ex-)
      • to feel sorrow about a thing: luctum percipere ex aliqua re
      • to recover from one's fright: ex metu se recreare, se colligere
      • to stifle, repress all humane sentiments in one's mind: omnem humanitatem ex animo exstirpare (Amic. 13. 48)
      • to love deeply: aliquem ex animo or ex animi sententia amare (Q. Fr. 1. 1. 5)
      • to banish love from one's mind: amorem ex animo eicere
      • to banish all feeling of prejudice from the mind: suspicionem ex animo delere
      • to make a person odious, unpopular: invidiam, odium ex-, concitare alicui, in aliquem
      • to live as scrupulously moral a life as ever: nihil ex pristina virtute remittere
      • to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion: metiri, ponderare, aestimare, iudicare aliquid (ex) aliqua re
      • to banish devout sentiment from the minds of others: religionem ex animis extrahere (N. D. 1. 43. 121)
      • I swear on my conscience: ex animi mei sententia iuro
      • sole heir; heir to three-quarters of the estate: heres ex asse, ex dodrante
      • heir to two-thirds of the property: heres ex besse
      • according to my custom: ex consuetudine mea (opp. praeter consuetudinem)
      • according to traditional usage: ex instituto (Liv. 6. 10. 6)
      • to have a large income from a thing (e.g. from mines): magnas pecunias ex aliqua re (e.g. ex metallis) facere
      • the rate of interest has gone up from 4 per cent to 8 per cent: fenus ex triente Id. Quint. factum erat bessibus (Att. 4. 15. 7)
      • to make profit out of a thing: lucrum facere (opp. damnum facere) ex aliqua re
      • to get out of debt: ex aere alieno exire
      • to depose, bring down a person from his elevated position: aliquem ex altissimo dignitatis gradu praecipitare (Dom. 37. 98)
      • to raise oneself by another's fall: crescere ex aliquo
      • to profit by the unpopularity of the senate to gain influence oneself: crescere ex invidia senatoria
      • to use some one's unpopularity as a means of making oneself popular: ex invidia alicuius auram popularem petere (Liv. 22. 26)
      • owing to political dissension: ex rei publicae dissensione
      • to banish a person, send him into exile: ex urbe (civitate) expellere, pellere aliquem
      • to expel a person from the city, country: exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate aliquem (Mil. 37. 101)
      • to deliver the state from a tyranny: rem publicam in libertatem vindicare a or ex dominatione
      • the public income from the mines: pecunia publica, quae ex metallis redit
      • to go to law with a person: (ex) iure, lege agere cum aliquo
      • justly and equitably: ex aequo et bono (Caecin. 23. 65)
      • to make a sally, sortie from the town: eruptionem facere ex oppido
      • to make a sally, sortie from the town: crebras ex oppido excursiones facere (B. G. 2. 30)
      • to fight on horseback: ex equo pugnare
      • soldiers routed and dispersed: ex (in) fuga dissipati or dispersi (B. G. 2. 24)
      • to die of wounds: ex vulnere mori (Fam. 10. 33)
      • to triumph over some one: triumphare de aliquo (ex bellis)
      • to triumph over some one: triumphum agere de or ex aliquo or c. Gen. (victoriae, pugnae)
      • according to treaty: ex pacto, ex foedere
      • the ships sail from the harbour: naves ex portu solvunt
      • the ships sail out on a fair wind: ventum (tempestatem) nancti idoneum ex portu exeunt
      • the storm drives some one on an unknown coast: procella (tempestas) aliquem ex alto ad ignotas terras (oras) defert
      • to land, disembark: exire ex, de navi
      • much damage was done by this collision: ex eo navium concursu magnum incommodum est acceptum
      • from this it appears, is apparent: ex quo intellegitur or intellegi potest, debet
      • from this it appears, is apparent: ex quo perspicuum est
    • ex in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
    • “ex”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
    • De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195f

    Middle English

    Noun

    ex

    1. alternative form of ax (“axe”)

    Portuguese

    Etymology

    From the preffix ex- (“ex-, former”), as in ex-namorado ("ex-boyfriend") or ex-namorada ("ex-girlfriend").

    Pronunciation

     
     

    Noun

    ex m or f by sense (invariable)

    1. (colloquial) ex (an ex-husband, ex-wife or ex-partner)

    Further reading

    Spanish

    Etymology

    From ex-.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈeɡs/ [ˈeɣ̞s]
    • Rhymes: -eɡs
    • Syllabification: ex

    Noun

    ex m or f by sense (plural ex)

    1. ex (ex-husband, ex-wife or ex-partner)

    Adjective

    ex (indeclinable, always before the noun)

    1. former, ex- (referring to a condition that has ended)

    Usage notes

    • In many cases this is interchangeable with using ex-; for example, the former governor of a province could be called the ex gobernador or the exgobernador.

    According to the DRAE, the prefix ex- is preferred for single words (excapitán - former captain), while ex is preferred for multiword terms (ex primera dama - former first lady)

    Further reading

    Swedish

    Noun

    ex n or c

    1. (colloquial) ex; ex-partner
      Synonym: före detta
    2. (colloquial) short for exemplar (“copy, specimen”)

    Declension

    More information nominative, genitive ...

    References

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