extraire

French

Etymology

Changed, based on the Latin root, from the original Old French estraire, from Vulgar Latin *extragere, from Latin extrahere.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛk.stʁɛʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (France (Toulouse)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Somain)):

  (file)

Verb

extraire

1. extract (to draw out)
2. mine

Conjugation

This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -extray- root: *je extrayis, *que nous extrayissions etc. Forms using the 'a' endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -extrais- was used instead of -extray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.

Conjugation of extraire (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	extraire
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	extrayant /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		extrait /ɛk.stʁɛ/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	extrais /ɛk.stʁɛ/	extrais /ɛk.stʁɛ/	extrait /ɛk.stʁɛ/	extrayons /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɔ̃/	extrayez /ɛk.stʁɛ.je/ or /ɛk.stʁe.je/	extraient /ɛk.stʁɛ/
	imperfect	extrayais /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/	extrayais /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/	extrayait /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/	extrayions /ɛk.stʁɛj.jɔ̃/	extrayiez /ɛk.stʁɛj.je/	extrayaient /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/
	past historic2	extrayai /ɛk.stʁɛe/	extrayas /ɛk.stʁɛa/	extraya /ɛk.stʁɛa/	extrayâmes /ɛk.stʁɛam/	extrayâtes /ɛk.stʁɛat/	extrayèrent /ɛk.stʁɛɛʁ/
	future	extrairai /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁe/	extrairas /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁa/	extraira /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁa/	extrairons /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɔ̃/	extrairez /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁe/	extrairont /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	extrairais /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/	extrairais /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/	extrairait /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/	extrairions /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁjɔ̃/	extrairiez /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁje/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁje/	extrairaient /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	extraie /ɛk.stʁɛ/	extraies /ɛk.stʁɛ/	extraie /ɛk.stʁɛ/	extrayions /ɛk.stʁɛj.jɔ̃/	extrayiez /ɛk.stʁɛj.je/	extraient /ɛk.stʁɛ/
	imperfect2	extrayasse /ɛk.stʁɛas/	extrayasses /ɛk.stʁɛas/	extrayât /ɛk.stʁɛa/	extrayassions /ɛk.stʁɛa.sjɔ̃/	extrayassiez /ɛk.stʁɛa.sje/	extrayassent /ɛk.stʁɛas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	extrais /ɛk.stʁɛ/	—	extrayons /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɔ̃/	extrayez /ɛk.stʁɛ.je/ or /ɛk.stʁe.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• extrait

Further reading

• “extraire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.