forma

See also: a-form, formà, formá, formă, fôrma, formą, förmå, and -forma

Languages (30)

Asturian • Azerbaijani • Basque • Catalan • Czech • French • Galician • Hungarian • Icelandic • Indonesian • Ingrian • Interlingua • Italian • Ladin • Latin • Lithuanian • Maltese • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Czech • Old English • Old Polish • Polish • Portuguese • Romanian • Serbo-Croatian • Silesian • Spanish • Swedish • Turkish

---

Page categories

Asturian Wikipedia has an article on:

forma

Wikipedia ^ast

Etymology

From Latin fōrma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfoɾma/, [ˈfoɾ.ma]
• Rhymes: -oɾma
• Hyphenation: for‧ma

Noun

forma m (plural formes)

1. shape, form

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin fōrma.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

forma (definite accusative formanı, plural formalar)

1. shape, form

   Synonym: şəkil

2. uniform (especially of school uniform)

   məktəb forması ― school uniform

3. (grammar) mood

Declension

Declension of forma
	singular	plural
nominative	forma	formalar
definite accusative	formanı	formaları
dative	formaya	formalara
locative	formada	formalarda
ablative	formadan	formalardan
definite genitive	formanın	formaların

Possessive forms of forma
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	formam	formalarım
sənin (“your”)	forman	formaların
onun (“his/her/its”)	forması	formaları
bizim (“our”)	formamız	formalarımız
sizin (“your”)	formanız	formalarınız
onların (“their”)	forması or formaları	formaları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	formamı	formalarımı
sənin (“your”)	formanı	formalarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	formasını	formalarını
bizim (“our”)	formamızı	formalarımızı
sizin (“your”)	formanızı	formalarınızı
onların (“their”)	formasını or formalarını	formalarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	formama	formalarıma
sənin (“your”)	formana	formalarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	formasına	formalarına
bizim (“our”)	formamıza	formalarımıza
sizin (“your”)	formanıza	formalarınıza
onların (“their”)	formasına or formalarına	formalarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	formamda	formalarımda
sənin (“your”)	formanda	formalarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	formasında	formalarında
bizim (“our”)	formamızda	formalarımızda
sizin (“your”)	formanızda	formalarınızda
onların (“their”)	formasında or formalarında	formalarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	formamdan	formalarımdan
sənin (“your”)	formandan	formalarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	formasından	formalarından
bizim (“our”)	formamızdan	formalarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	formanızdan	formalarınızdan
onların (“their”)	formasından or formalarından	formalarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	formamın	formalarımın
sənin (“your”)	formanın	formalarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	formasının	formalarının
bizim (“our”)	formamızın	formalarımızın
sizin (“your”)	formanızın	formalarınızın
onların (“their”)	formasının or formalarının	formalarının

Further reading

• “forma” in Obastan.com.

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish forma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /forma/ [for.ma]
• Rhymes: -orma
• Hyphenation: for‧ma

Noun

forma inan

1. form, shape

Declension

	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	forma	forma	formak
ergative	formak	formak	formek
dative	formari	formari	formei
genitive	formaren	formaren	formen
comitative	formarekin	formarekin	formekin
causative	formarengatik	formarengatik	formengatik
benefactive	formarentzat	formarentzat	formentzat
instrumental	formaz	formaz	formez
inessive	formatan	forman	formetan
locative	formatako	formako	formetako
allative	formatara	formara	formetara
terminative	formataraino	formaraino	formetaraino
directive	formatarantz	formarantz	formetarantz
destinative	formatarako	formarako	formetarako
ablative	formatatik	formatik	formetatik
partitive	formarik	—	—
prolative	formatzat	—	—

Declension of forma (inanimate, ending in -a)

Further reading

• “forma”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
• “forma”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈfor.mə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈfoɾ.ma]
• Rhymes: -oɾma
• Hyphenation: for‧ma

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin fōrma.

Noun

forma f (plural formes)

1. form; shape

Related terms

• formar
• -forme

References

• “forma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “forma”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “forma” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “forma” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Etymology 2

Verb

forma

1. inflection of formar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech forma, from Latin fōrma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈforma]
• Rhymes: -orma
• Hyphenation: for‧ma

Noun

forma f

1. form, shape
2. mold/mould (for shaping a fluid or plastic substance)

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	forma	formy
genitive	formy	forem
dative	formě	formám
accusative	formu	formy
vocative	formo	formy
locative	formě	formách
instrumental	formou	formami

Declension of forma (hard feminine reducible)

Derived terms

• formička

 

Related terms

• deformace
• deformovat
• dezinformace
• dezinformátor
• dezinformovat
• formace
• formalismus
• formalista
• formalistický
• formativní
• formální
• formovat
• formulace
• formulář
• formule
• formulka
• formulovat
• informace
• informant
• informatik
• informatika
• informátor
• informovat
• konformismus
• konformista
• konformní
• reforma
• reformace
• reformátor
• reformovat
• transformace
• transformátor
• transformovat
• uniforma
• uniformita
• uniformní
• uniformovaný

 

Further reading

• “forma”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “forma”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “forma”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Anagrams

• morfa

Verb

forma

1. third-person singular past historic of former

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese forma (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin fōrma. Cognate with Portuguese forma and Spanish horma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfoɾma/ [ˈfoɾ.mɐ]
• Rhymes: -oɾma
• Hyphenation: for‧ma

Noun

forma f (plural formas)

1. form, shape
2. mold, cast
3. cake tin
4. button

   Synonym: botón

5. shoe tree

Related terms

• formal
• formar

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “forma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “forma”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “forma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “forma”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “forma”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin forma, perhaps from Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ, “shape, figure”), via Etruscan.^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈformɒ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: for‧ma
• Rhymes: -mɒ

Noun

forma (plural formák)

1. form
2. shape

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	forma	formák
accusative	formát	formákat
dative	formának	formáknak
instrumental	formával	formákkal
causal-final	formáért	formákért
translative	formává	formákká
terminative	formáig	formákig
essive-formal	formaként	formákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	formában	formákban
superessive	formán	formákon
adessive	formánál	formáknál
illative	formába	formákba
sublative	formára	formákra
allative	formához	formákhoz
elative	formából	formákból
delative	formáról	formákról
ablative	formától	formáktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	formáé	formáké
non-attributive possessive - plural	formáéi	formákéi

Possessive forms of forma
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	formám	formáim
2nd person sing.	formád	formáid
3rd person sing.	formája	formái
1st person plural	formánk	formáink
2nd person plural	formátok	formáitok
3rd person plural	formájuk	formáik

Synonyms

• alak

Derived terms

• formai
• formájú
• formál
• formás
• formátlan
• formáz

 

Compound words

• egyforma
• életforma
• formabontó
• formatervezés
• formatervező
• süteményforma

 

References

1. Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

Further reading

• forma in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfɔrma/
• Rhymes: -ɔrma

Verb

forma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative formaði, supine formað)

1. to form, to shape [with accusative]

Conjugation

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að forma
supine (sagnbót)		formað
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		formandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég forma	við formum	present (nútíð)	ég formi	við formum
	þú formar	þið formið		þú formir	þið formið
	hann, hún, það formar	þeir, þær, þau forma		hann, hún, það formi	þeir, þær, þau formi
past (þátíð)	ég formaði	við formuðum	past (þátíð)	ég formaði	við formuðum
	þú formaðir	þið formuðuð		þú formaðir	þið formuðuð
	hann, hún, það formaði	þeir, þær, þau formuðu		hann, hún, það formaði	þeir, þær, þau formuðu
imperative (boðháttur)	forma (þú)	formið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	formaðu	formiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

forma — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að formast
supine (sagnbót)		formast
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		formandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég formast	við formumst	present (nútíð)	ég formist	við formumst
	þú formast	þið formist		þú formist	þið formist
	hann, hún, það formast	þeir, þær, þau formast		hann, hún, það formist	þeir, þær, þau formist
past (þátíð)	ég formaðist	við formuðumst	past (þátíð)	ég formaðist	við formuðumst
	þú formaðist	þið formuðust		þú formaðist	þið formuðust
	hann, hún, það formaðist	þeir, þær, þau formuðust		hann, hún, það formaðist	þeir, þær, þau formuðust
imperative (boðháttur)	formast (þú)	formist (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	formastu	formisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

formast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	formaður	formuð	formað		formaðir	formaðar	formuð
accusative (þolfall)	formaðan	formaða	formað		formaða	formaðar	formuð
dative (þágufall)	formuðum	formaðri	formuðu		formuðum	formuðum	formuðum
genitive (eignarfall)	formaðs	formaðrar	formaðs		formaðra	formaðra	formaðra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	formaði	formaða	formaða		formuðu	formuðu	formuðu
accusative (þolfall)	formaða	formuðu	formaða		formuðu	formuðu	formuðu
dative (þágufall)	formaða	formuðu	formaða		formuðu	formuðu	formuðu
genitive (eignarfall)	formaða	formuðu	formaða		formuðu	formuðu	formuðu

formaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin fōrma (“form”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈfɔrma]
• Hyphenation: for‧ma

Noun

forma (first-person possessive formaku, second-person possessive formamu, third-person possessive formanya)

1. (biology, taxonomy) form: an infraspecific rank.

Further reading

• “forma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian форма (forma).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈformɑ/, [ˈfo̞rm]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈformɑ/, [ˈfo̞rmɑ]
• Rhymes: -orm, -ormɑ
• Hyphenation: for‧ma

Noun

forma

1. form, shape
   • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:

     Töö saatta tiitä kuin suur ono maa, millaist hää ono formaa ja mitä ono hänen pääl.

     You will get to know how the earth is big, what kind of shape it is and what is on top of it.

2. (grammar) form
   • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 31:

     Forma "metsääs" vastajaa kysymyksee mis? kus?

     The form "metsääs" answers the question where?

Declension

Declension of forma (type 3/kana, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	forma	format
genitive	forman	formoin
partitive	formaa	formoja
illative	formaa	formoi
inessive	formaas	formois
elative	formast	formoist
allative	formalle	formoille
adessive	formaal	formoil
ablative	formalt	formoilt
translative	formaks	formoiks
essive	formanna, formaan	formoinna, formoin
exessive1)	formant	formoint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• formain
• kysymysforma
• käskyforma
• partitivaforma

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 39

Interlingua Wikipedia has an article on:

forma

Wikipedia ^ia

Noun

forma (plural formas)

1. form

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfor.ma/
• Rhymes: -orma
• Hyphenation: fór‧ma

Etymology 1

Italian Wikipedia has an article on:

forma

Wikipedia ^it

From Latin forma, from Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ); see Latin entry.

Noun

forma f (plural forme)

1. form
2. shape
3. mould/mold

Related terms

• formaggio
• formale
• formare
• formula
• in forma

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

forma

1. inflection of formare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Etymology

From Latin fōrma.

Noun

forma f (plural formes)

1. form
2. shape

Alternative forms

• fōrm. (abbreviation)

Etymology

Unknown. Perhaps from an Etruscan *morma, from Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ, “shape, fashion, appearance, outward form, contour, figure”), with dissimilation *m-m > *f-m, as seen in formīca (“ant”) and formīdō (“ghost, scarecrow”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈfoːr.ma/, [ˈfoːrmä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfor.ma/, [ˈfɔrmä]

Noun

fōrma f (genitive fōrmae); first declension

1. form; figure, shape, appearance

   Synonyms: habitus, faciēs, species, frons

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.71–72:

     “Sunt mihi bis septem praestantī corpore nymphae,
     quārum quae fōrmā pulcherrima Dēiopēa.”

     “I have twice-seven nymphs, [each] with a gorgeous body, of whom [the nymph] who [has] the most beautiful figure [is] Deiopea.”
     (Juno attempts to bribe Aeolus with an arranged marriage. Notes: The dative of possession “sunt mihi” means “they are for me” or simply “I have.” The ablative of quality “praestanti corpore” here is singular despite the plural “nymphae.” The ablative of specification “forma” here means “with respect to appearance.”)

2. fine form; beauty
3. outline, plan, design
4. model, pattern, stamp, mold

   Synonyms: charta, tabula

5. (figurative) manner, kind, sort

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	fōrma	fōrmae
genitive	fōrmae	fōrmārum
dative	fōrmae	fōrmīs
accusative	fōrmam	fōrmās
ablative	fōrmā	fōrmīs
vocative	fōrma	fōrmae

Derived terms

• cōnfōrmis
• dēfōrmis
• fōrmāceus
• fōrmālis
• fōrmaster
• fōrmāticum
• fōrmella
• fōrmō
• fōrmōsus
• fōrmula
• īnfōrmis
• prō fōrmā

 

Descendants

• Catalan: forma
• Friulian: forme
• Italian: forma
• Old French: forme
  • Middle French: forme
    • French: forme (see there for further descendants)
  • → Middle English: forme
    • English: form (see there for further descendants)
• Old Galician-Portuguese: [Term?]
  • Galician: forma
  • Portuguese: forma
• Sardinian: forma
• Sicilian: furma
• Romansch: furma, fuorma
• Spanish: horma
• → Danish: form
  • → Romanian: formă
• → Irish: foirm
• → Old Czech: forma (learned) (see there for further descendants)
• → Old Norse: form
  • Norwegian Bokmål: form
• → Old Polish: forma (learned) (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-Brythonic: *fʉrβ̃
  • Middle Welsh: ffuruf, ffuryf
    • Welsh: ffurf
  • Old Cornish: furf
• → Spanish: forma
  • → Cebuano: hulma
• → Swedish: form

References

• "forma", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "forma", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• forma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• forma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• "forma" in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "forma" in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• "forma" in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “forma”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 713
• Palmer, L.R. (1906) The Latin Language, London, Faber and Faber

1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 233-4

Alternative forms

• f. (abbreviation)

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin forma.

Noun

fòrma f (plural fòrmos) stress pattern 1

1. form

Declension

	singular (vienaskaita)	plural (daugiskaita)
nominative (vardininkas)	fòrma	fòrmos
genitive (kilmininkas)	fòrmos	fòrmų
dative (naudininkas)	fòrmai	fòrmoms
accusative (galininkas)	fòrmą	fòrmas
instrumental (įnagininkas)	fòrma	fòrmomis
locative (vietininkas)	fòrmoje	fòrmose
vocative (šauksmininkas)	fòrma	fòrmos

Declension of fòrma

Etymology

Borrowed from Sicilian furma and/or Italian forma, both from Latin forma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfɔr.ma/

Noun

forma f (plural forom)

1. form, shape

   Synonym: għamla

2. mould

Derived terms

• formali

 

Alternative forms

• formen m (of noun)
• formet (of verb)

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

forma f

1. definite feminine singular of form

Verb

forma

1. inflection of forme:
   1. simple past
   2. past participle

Anagrams

• a-form, amorf, omfar

Noun

forma f

1. definite singular of form

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin fōrma.^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈforma/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈforma/

Noun

forma f

1. form; appearance
2. form; shape
3. former, creator
4. form (state of some event)
5. form, template, pattern
6. form, model
7. mandatory procedure, fixed succession of individual parts
8. (religion) formula (set phrasing)
9. (religion) spiritual essence
10. (philosophy) image in the mind, ideal mental image

Declension

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	forma	formě	formy
genitive	formy	formú	forem
dative	formě	formama	formám
accusative	formu	formě	formy
vocative	formo	formě	formy
locative	formě	formú	formách
instrumental	formú	formama	formami

Declension of forma (hard a-stem reducible)

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants

• Czech: forma

References

1. Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “forma”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “forma”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old English numbers ^(edit)

		10
		1	2  →	10  →
Cardinal: ān     Ordinal: forma     Adverbial: ǣne     Age: ānwintre     Multiplier: ānfeald

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *frumô. Cognate with Old Saxon formo and Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfor.mɑ/, [ˈforˠ.mɑ]

Numeral

forma

1. first

Adjective

forma

1. first
   • late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans

     ⁊ hē [Pirrus] hæfde XX elpenda tō þǣm ġefeohte mid him, þe Rōmane ǣr na ne ne ġesawon: hē wæs sē forma mon þe hīe ǣrest on Italium brōhte.

     And he [Pyrrhus] had twenty elephants with him in battle, which the Romans had never seen before; he was the first man to bring them to Italy.

Declension

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	forma	forme	forme
Accusative	forman	forman	forme
Genitive	forman	forman	forman
Dative	forman	forman	forman
Instrumental	forman	forman	forman
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	forman	forman	forman
Accusative	forman	forman	forman
Genitive	formra, formena	formra, formena	formra, formena
Dative	formum	formum	formum
Instrumental	formum	formum	formum

Declension of forma — Weak only

Descendants

• Middle English: frome, frume

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin fōrma.^[1][2][3][4] First attested in the end of the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /fɔrma/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /fɔrma/

Noun

forma f

1. form (external shape)
   • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎, page 198:

     Pokazal szye byl (sc. szatan) ve czlovyeczym vyobrazenyv... Vyerzycz tesch temv mamy, yze byl przyąl czlovyeka formą na szye (credendus est autem diabolus hominis assumpsisse formam), v ktorey by mogl boga vznacz albo szye s nym vmovycz

     [Pokazał sie był (sc. szatan) we człowieczym wyobrażeniu... Wierzyć też temu mamy, iże był przyjął człowieka formę na sie (credendus est autem diabolus hominis assumpsisse formam), w ktorej by mogł Boga uznać albo sie s nim umowić]

   • 1922 [End of the 14th century], Jan Łoś, editor, Początki piśmiennictwa polskiego. (Przegląd zabytków językowych)‎, page 232:

     [S]wyrzchowanego boga laska, gensze... koneczna moc vszmerzil gesc, w forme [...] obynyono gesc. Druga rzecz gesc, isze [...] [obi]nyony wszistki rzeczi w formø sluszeb[ną]

     [[Z]wirzchowanego Boga łaska, jenże... konieczną moc uśmierzył jeść, w formie [...] obiniono jeść. Druga rzecz jeść, iże [...] [obi]niony wszystki rzeczi w formę służeb[ną]]

2. (attested in Masovia) verbal formula (set way of saying something)
   • 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 106:

     Vstawyami czlonky nyzey popyssane pot thąn formąn, yako sąn nyzey (articulos statuimus... sub hac forma, quae sequitur)

     [Ustawiamy członki niżej popisane pod tą formą, jako są niżej (articulos statuimus... sub hac forma, quae sequitur)]

Descendants

• Polish: forma
  • → Kashubian: fòrma
• Silesian: forma

References

1. Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “forma”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
2. Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “forma”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
3. Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “forma”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
4. Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “forma”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “forma”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

forma

Wikipedia ^pl

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish forma.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈfɔr.ma/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈfɔr.ma/
• (Masovia):
  • (Far Masovian) IPA^(key): /ˈfɔr.ma/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔrma
• Syllabification: for‧ma

Noun

forma f (diminutive foremka, related adjective formowy)

1. form (one of the ways in which something appears; appearance; manifestation)

   Synonyms: kształt, postać

2. (literary) form (way in which a work is constructed)
3. (literary) form (specific type of works of art perceived due to their external structure or structure and a set of typical artistic means)
4. cast, mold, cake tin (kitchenware used for shaping batter or something similar)

   Synonym: blacha

5. (textiles) pattern (paper or cardboard template from which the parts of a garment are traced onto fabric prior to cutting out and assembling)

   Synonym: wykrój

6. (grammar) form (particular shape or structure of a word or part of speech)
7. (sciences) form (living organisms or products of nature characterized by a set of common features)
8. state, shape (physical or mental conidition)

   Synonyms: kondycja, samopoczucie

9. shape (condition of personal health, especially muscular health)

   Synonym: kondycja

   w formie ― in shape

10. form (arrangement of coordinated elements)

    Synonyms: system, układ

11. mold (hollow form or matrix for shaping a fluid or plastic substance)
12. (philosophy) form (inherent nature of an object; that which the mind itself contributes as the condition of knowing; that in which the essence of a thing consists)
13. (mathematics) uniform polynomial
14. (printing) template (set of printing elements prepared for printing)
15. (obsolete) pretend, act (something done for show)
16. (obsolete) box placed in the focus on a bellows nozzle; opening in a furnace
17. (obsolete, crystallography) form (combination of planes included under a general crystallographic symbol)
18. (obsolete, Roman Catholicism) choirstall

    Synonym: stalle

19. (chiefly in the plural) form (manner of conduct and behavior resulting from social conventions)

    Synonym: etykieta

20. (Far Masovian) horn button

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	forma	formy
genitive	formy	form
dative	formie	formom
accusative	formę	formy
instrumental	formą	formami
locative	formie	formach
vocative	formo	formy

Declension of forma

Derived terms

adverbs

• pro forma

 

verbs

• trafić z formą pf, trafiać z formą impf
• wyjść z formy pf, wychodzić z formy impf
• wypaść z formy pf, wypadać z formy impf

 

verbs

• formować impf

 

Descendants

• → Kashubian: fòrma

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), forma is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 49 times in scientific texts, 32 times in news, 71 times in essays, 7 times in fiction, and 5 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 164 times, making it the 349th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

References

1. Ida Kurcz (1990) “forma”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 120

Further reading

• forma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• forma in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “forma”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “FORMA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 15.09.2008
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “forma”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “forma”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “forma”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 761
• Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “forma”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 107

Etymology 1

In this set of senses, a learned borrowing from Latin fōrma (“form”), probably from Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ). See Etymology 2 below for the inherited senses.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈfɔʁ.mɐ/ [ˈfɔɦ.mɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈfɔʁ.mɐ/ [ˈfɔɦ.mɐ]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈfɔɾ.mɐ/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈfɔʁ.mɐ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈfɔɻ.ma/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈfɔɾ.mɐ/

• Hyphenation: for‧ma

Noun

forma f (plural formas)

2. form; shape (the visible structure of a thing)

   Synonyms: estrutura, disposição

4. (geometry) shape; figure (a geometric object)

   Synonym: figura

6. form (a conventional method way of doing something)

   Synonyms: maneira, jeito