fruma

Gothic

Romanization

fruma

1. romanization of 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰

Icelandic

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fruma

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Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfrʏːma/

  Rhymes: -ʏːma

Noun

fruma f (genitive singular frumu, nominative plural frumur)

1. (biology) a cell

Declension

Declension of fruma (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	fruma	fruman	frumur	frumurnar
accusative	frumu	frumuna	frumur	frumurnar
dative	frumu	frumunni	frumum	frumunum
genitive	frumu	frumunnar	frumna, fruma	frumnanna, frumanna

Derived terms

• blóðfruma
• eggfruma
• eitilfruma
• frumufræði
• frumulíffæri
• frumuveggur
• heilafruma
• okfruma
• sáðfruma
• stofnfruma

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *frumô, from the stem *fur-, *fr- (Old English for, for-) + the rarer comparative suffix *-umô. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma), Latin prīmus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfru.mɑ/

Noun

fruma m (nominative plural fruman)

1. beginning, origin
   • Beowulf

     wæs se fruma egeslíc / léodum on lande (...)

     This beginning was terrible for people in the land (...)

   • late 9th century, Old English Martyrology

     On þone eahteðan ġeohheldæg bið þǣs mōnðes fruma þe mon nemneð Ianuarius, þæt is on ūre ġeþēode sē æftera geola.

     On the eight day of Christmas is the beginning of the month known as January, which in our language is After-Yule.

2. prince, king, chief, ruler. Often used in compounds

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:þeoden

   • Beowulf

     wine Scyldinga / léof landfruma lange áhte

     friend of the Scyldings / beloved ruler of the land had ruled for a long time

     Ðá wæs gyldenhilt gamelum rince / hárum hildfruman on hand gyfen / enta aérgeweorc

     Then was the golden hilt to the old king / the old battle-leader given into his hand / the ancient work of giants

3. originator, inventor, creator

Declension

Weak:

	singular	plural
nominative	fruma	fruman
accusative	fruman	fruman
genitive	fruman	frumena
dative	fruman	frumum

Derived terms

• dǣdfruma
• ēadfruma
• frumbearn
• frumbierdling
• frumbyrd
• frumcenned
• frumcnēow
• frumcynn
• frumċyrr
• frumgār
• frumġesċeap
• frumġewrit
• frumġield
• frumhīwung
• frumhræġl
• frumieldo
• frumlēoht
• frumlīċ
• frumlīehtan
• frumrǣd
• frumrīpan
• frumsċeaft
• frumsċeatt
• frumsċieppend
• frumsċyld
• frumstemn
• frumstōl
• frumtalu
• frumtīd
• frumweorc
• frumwīfung
• frumwyrhta
• hildfruma
• landfruma
• lēodfruma
• lēohtfruma
• līffruma
• ordfruma
• tīrfruma
• wīġfruma

Descendants

• Middle English: frume, frome

Old High German

Alternative forms

• froma

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *frumô.

Noun

fruma f

1. benefit
   1. profit, success
   2. help, support
   3. salvation, happiness
   4. the good, also ethically and morally
   5. good qualities, excellence
   6. property, possessions
   7. fruit, crop, produce

Declension

Declension of fruma (ō-stem)

case	singular	plural
nominative	fruma	frumā
accusative	fruma	frumā
genitive	fruma	frumōno
dative	frumu	frumōm

Derived terms

• frumafol
• frumahaft
• frumalīh
• frumareht
• frumasam
• frumaskaft
• frumawerk
• frumisk

Related terms

• frumagift
• frumakīdi
• frumamurwi
• frumanaht
• frumarīfi
• frumida
• frummen
• frumo
• frumāri
• frumīg

Descendants

• Middle High German: vrome, vrume
  • German: Fromme
  • ⇒ Middle High German: vrume (“firm, upright”, adjective)
    • German: fromm
    • Yiddish: פֿרום (frum)
      • → English: frum, frummer

References

• Karg-Gasterstädt, Elisabeth; Frings, Theodor; et al., editors (1952–2022), “fruma”, in Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch‎ (in German), Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, via Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig