hamba

Estonian

Noun

hamba

1. genitive singular of hammas

Fanagalo

Etymology

From Zulu -hamba.

Verb

hamba

1. to go, to walk
2. to travel

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay hamba, from Sanskrit हम्भाय (hambhāya, “low”), compare to Sanskrit हंबतारा (haṃbatārā, “good man”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈhamba/ [ˈham.ba]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -amba
• Syllabification: ham‧ba

Noun

hamba (plural hamba-hamba)

1. (polite) slave; thrall; servant

Pronoun

hamba

1. (archaic, humble) I, me, my, your servant

Usage notes

Hamba as pronoun still used in daily life, especially in prayer.

Synonyms

Indonesian first-person pronouns:

• aye, ogut, gue, gua (Jakarta)
• aku (informal)
• daku (poetic)
• saya (polite)
• hamba
• kami (euphemism)

Derived terms

• berhamba
• diperhamba
• memperhamba
• memperhambakan
• menghamba
• menghambai
• menghambakan
• penghamba
• penghambaan
• perhambaan

• hamba Allah
• hamba hukum
• hamba nafsu
• hamba raja
• hamba sahaya
• hamba tebusan

Further reading

• “hamba”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Alternative forms

• ambo, ambe (pronunciation spelling)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हम्भाय (hambhāya, “low”), compare to Sanskrit हंबतारा (haṃbatārā, “good man”).

Pronunciation

• (schwa-variety) IPA^(key): [ham.bə]

  • Audio (Malaysia):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -ambə, -ə
• (Baku) IPA^(key): [ham.ba]

  • Audio (Malaysia):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -amba, -a
• (Kelantan-Pattani, Negeri Sembilan) IPA^(key): [am.bɔ]
  • Rhymes: -ambɔ, -ɔ
• (Terengganu) IPA^(key): [am.bə]
  • Rhymes: -ambə, -ə
• Hyphenation: ham‧ba

Noun

hamba (Jawi spelling همبا, plural hamba-hamba or hamba²)

1. A slave.

   Synonyms: abdi, budak, sahaya

   • 1849, Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, Hikayat Abdullah, page 250:

     Bermula orang yang empunya hamba-hamba itu kelakuannya seperti binatang yang tiada bermalu dan tiada takut kepada Allah.

     The slave owners began behaving like shameless animals that do not fear God.

Affixations

• berhamba
• diperhamba
• kehambaan
• memperhamba
• memperhambakan
• menghamba, menghambai
• menghambakan
• penghambaan
• perhambaan

Compounds

• hamba Allah
• hamba bas
• hamba raja
• hamba sahaya
• hamba seks
• hamba tebusan
• hamba tuan
• tuan hamba

Pronoun

hamba (Jawi spelling همبا)

1. (dialectal, Kelantan-Pattani, Negeri Sembilan, Terengganu) I (me, my).

Descendants

• Indonesian: hamba

See also

Malay personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person	standard	saya / ساي aku / اکو, ku- / كوـ (informal/towards God) -ku / ـكو (poetic possessive) hamba / همبا (dated) daku / داکو (poetic)	kami / کامي (exclusive) kita orang / كيت اورڠ (informal exclusive) kita / کيت (inclusive)
	royal	beta / بيتا
2nd person	standard	kamu / کامو
		engkau / اڠکاو, kau- / كاوـ (informal/poetic/towards God) kau / كاو (informal) awak / اوق (friendly/older towards younger) anda / اندا (formal) awda / اءودا (Brunei, formal) -mu / ـمو (poetic possessive) dikau / ديکاو (poetic)	anda semua / اندا سموا (formal) awak semua / اوق سموا kamu semua / كامو سموا kalian / کالين (archaic) kau orang / كاو اورڠ (informal)
	royal	tuanku / توانكو
3rd person	standard	dia / دي ia / اي beliau / بلياو (honorific) -nya / ـڽ (possessive)	mereka / مريک dia orang / دي اورڠ (informal)
	royal	baginda / بݢيندا

References

• Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “همب hamba”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 145
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901), “همب hamba”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, pages 685-6
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “hamba”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 391

Further reading

• "hamba" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-hámba

1. to go, to walk, to move
2. to travel

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Old Javanese

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हम्भाय (hambhāya, “low”), compare to Sanskrit हंबतारा (haṃbatārā, “good man”).

Noun

hamba

1. servant, common soldier, comrade

Derived terms

• mahamba

Related terms

• ambo

Descendants

• Javanese: ꦲꦩ꧀ꦧ (amba)

Swazi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-hámba

1. to go, to walk, to move
2. to travel

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish jamba.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈhamba/ [ˈham.bɐ]
• Rhymes: -amba
• Syllabification: ham‧ba

Noun

hamba (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜋ᜔ᜊ)

1. jamb (vertical component that form the side of an opening in a wall)

Derived terms

• hambahan

Further reading

• “hamba”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018.

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-hámba

1. to go, to walk, to move
2. to travel

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-hámba

1. (intransitive) to go, to walk, to move
2. (intransitive) to travel
3. (transitive and intransitive) to ride, to go by (a vehicle)
4. (intransitive) to leave, to depart
5. (intransitive) to go on, to keep going, to proceed
6. (intransitive) to work, to function, to operate

Inflection

tone H (infinitive ukuhamba)

	positive	negative
infinitive	ukuhamba	ukungahambi
imperative
	simple	+ object concord
singular	hamba	-hambe
plural	hambani	-hambeni
present
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyahamba, ngihamba	engihambayo, engihamba	ngihamba	angihambi	engingahambi	ngingahambi
2nd singular	uyahamba, uhamba	ohambayo, ohamba	uhamba	awuhambi	ongahambi	ungahambi
1st plural	siyahamba, sihamba	esihambayo, esihamba	sihamba	asihambi	esingahambi	singahambi
2nd plural	niyahamba, nihamba	enihambayo, enihamba	nihamba	anihambi	eningahambi	ningahambi
class 1	uyahamba, uhamba	ohambayo, ohamba	ehamba	akahambi	ongahambi	engahambi
class 2	bayahamba, bahamba	abahambayo, abahamba	behamba	abahambi	abangahambi	bengahambi
class 3	uyahamba, uhamba	ohambayo, ohamba	uhamba	awuhambi	ongahambi	ungahambi
class 4	iyahamba, ihamba	ehambayo, ehamba	ihamba	ayihambi	engahambi	ingahambi
class 5	liyahamba, lihamba	elihambayo, elihamba	lihamba	alihambi	elingahambi	lingahambi
class 6	ayahamba, ahamba	ahambayo, ahamba	ehamba	awahambi	angahambi	engahambi
class 7	siyahamba, sihamba	esihambayo, esihamba	sihamba	asihambi	esingahambi	singahambi
class 8	ziyahamba, zihamba	ezihambayo, ezihamba	zihamba	azihambi	ezingahambi	zingahambi
class 9	iyahamba, ihamba	ehambayo, ehamba	ihamba	ayihambi	engahambi	ingahambi
class 10	ziyahamba, zihamba	ezihambayo, ezihamba	zihamba	azihambi	ezingahambi	zingahambi
class 11	luyahamba, luhamba	oluhambayo, oluhamba	luhamba	aluhambi	olungahambi	lungahambi
class 14	buyahamba, buhamba	obuhambayo, obuhamba	buhamba	abuhambi	obungahambi	bungahambi
class 15	kuyahamba, kuhamba	okuhambayo, okuhamba	kuhamba	akuhambi	okungahambi	kungahambi
class 17	kuyahamba, kuhamba	okuhambayo, okuhamba	kuhamba	akuhambi	okungahambi	kungahambi
recent past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngihambile, ngihambē	engihambile, engihambē	ngihambile, ngihambē	angihambanga	engingahambanga	ngingahambanga
2nd singular	uhambile, uhambē	ohambile, ohambē	uhambile, uhambē	awuhambanga	ongahambanga	ungahambanga
1st plural	sihambile, sihambē	esihambile, esihambē	sihambile, sihambē	asihambanga	esingahambanga	singahambanga
2nd plural	nihambile, nihambē	enihambile, enihambē	nihambile, nihambē	anihambanga	eningahambanga	ningahambanga
class 1	uhambile, uhambē	ohambile, ohambē	ehambile, ehambē	akahambanga	ongahambanga	engahambanga
class 2	bahambile, bahambē	abahambile, abahambē	behambile, behambē	abahambanga	abangahambanga	bengahambanga
class 3	uhambile, uhambē	ohambile, ohambē	uhambile, uhambē	awuhambanga	ongahambanga	ungahambanga
class 4	ihambile, ihambē	ehambile, ehambē	ihambile, ihambē	ayihambanga	engahambanga	ingahambanga
class 5	lihambile, lihambē	elihambile, elihambē	lihambile, lihambē	alihambanga	elingahambanga	lingahambanga
class 6	ahambile, ahambē	ahambile, ahambē	ehambile, ehambē	awahambanga	angahambanga	engahambanga
class 7	sihambile, sihambē	esihambile, esihambē	sihambile, sihambē	asihambanga	esingahambanga	singahambanga
class 8	zihambile, zihambē	ezihambile, ezihambē	zihambile, zihambē	azihambanga	ezingahambanga	zingahambanga
class 9	ihambile, ihambē	ehambile, ehambē	ihambile, ihambē	ayihambanga	engahambanga	ingahambanga
class 10	zihambile, zihambē	ezihambile, ezihambē	zihambile, zihambē	azihambanga	ezingahambanga	zingahambanga
class 11	luhambile, luhambē	oluhambile, oluhambē	luhambile, luhambē	aluhambanga	olungahambanga	lungahambanga
class 14	buhambile, buhambē	obuhambile, obuhambē	buhambile, buhambē	abuhambanga	obungahambanga	bungahambanga
class 15	kuhambile, kuhambē	okuhambile, okuhambē	kuhambile, kuhambē	akuhambanga	okungahambanga	kungahambanga
class 17	kuhambile, kuhambē	okuhambile, okuhambē	kuhambile, kuhambē	akuhambanga	okungahambanga	kungahambanga
remote past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngāhamba	engāhamba	ngāhamba	angihambanga	engingahambanga	ngingahambanga
2nd singular	wāhamba	owāhamba	wāhamba	awuhambanga	ongahambanga	ungahambanga
1st plural	sāhamba	esāhamba	sāhamba	asihambanga	esingahambanga	singahambanga
2nd plural	nāhamba	enāhamba	nāhamba	anihambanga	eningahambanga	ningahambanga
class 1	wāhamba	owāhamba	āhamba	akahambanga	ongahambanga	engahambanga
class 2	bāhamba	abāhamba	bāhamba	abahambanga	abangahambanga	bengahambanga
class 3	wāhamba	owāhamba	wāhamba	awuhambanga	ongahambanga	ungahambanga
class 4	yāhamba	eyāhamba	yāhamba	ayihambanga	engahambanga	ingahambanga
class 5	lāhamba	elāhamba	lāhamba	alihambanga	elingahambanga	lingahambanga
class 6	āhamba	āhamba	āhamba	awahambanga	angahambanga	engahambanga
class 7	sāhamba	esāhamba	sāhamba	asihambanga	esingahambanga	singahambanga
class 8	zāhamba	ezāhamba	zāhamba	azihambanga	ezingahambanga	zingahambanga
class 9	yāhamba	eyāhamba	yāhamba	ayihambanga	engahambanga	ingahambanga
class 10	zāhamba	ezāhamba	zāhamba	azihambanga	ezingahambanga	zingahambanga
class 11	lwāhamba	olwāhamba	lwāhamba	aluhambanga	olungahambanga	lungahambanga
class 14	bāhamba	obāhamba	bāhamba	abuhambanga	obungahambanga	bungahambanga
class 15	kwāhamba	okwāhamba	kwāhamba	akuhambanga	okungahambanga	kungahambanga
class 17	kwāhamba	okwāhamba	kwāhamba	akuhambanga	okungahambanga	kungahambanga
potential
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngingahamba	—	ngingahamba	ngingehambe	—	ngingehambe
2nd singular	ungahamba	—	ungahamba	ungehambe	—	ungehambe
1st plural	singahamba	—	singahamba	singehambe	—	singehambe
2nd plural	ningahamba	—	ningahamba	ningehambe	—	ningehambe
class 1	angahamba	—	engahamba	angehambe	—	engehambe
class 2	bangahamba	—	bengahamba	bangehambe	—	bengehambe
class 3	ungahamba	—	ungahamba	ungehambe	—	ungehambe
class 4	ingahamba	—	ingahamba	ingehambe	—	ingehambe
class 5	lingahamba	—	lingahamba	lingehambe	—	lingehambe
class 6	angahamba	—	engahamba	angehambe	—	engehambe
class 7	singahamba	—	singahamba	singehambe	—	singehambe
class 8	zingahamba	—	zingahamba	zingehambe	—	zingehambe
class 9	ingahamba	—	ingahamba	ingehambe	—	ingehambe
class 10	zingahamba	—	zingahamba	zingehambe	—	zingehambe
class 11	lungahamba	—	lungahamba	lungehambe	—	lungehambe
class 14	bungahamba	—	bungahamba	bungehambe	—	bungehambe
class 15	kungahamba	—	kungahamba	kungehambe	—	kungehambe
class 17	kungahamba	—	kungahamba	kungehambe	—	kungehambe
immediate future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngizohamba	engizohamba	ngizohamba	angizuhamba	engingezuhamba	ngingezuhamba
2nd singular	uzohamba	ozohamba	uzohamba	awuzuhamba	ongezuhamba	ungezuhamba
1st plural	sizohamba	esizohamba	sizohamba	asizuhamba	esingezuhamba	singezuhamba
2nd plural	nizohamba	enizohamba	nizohamba	anizuhamba	eningezuhamba	ningezuhamba
class 1	uzohamba	ozohamba	ezohamba	akazuhamba	ongezuhamba	engezuhamba
class 2	bazohamba	abazohamba	bezohamba	abazuhamba	abangezuhamba	bengezuhamba
class 3	uzohamba	ozohamba	uzohamba	awuzuhamba	ongezuhamba	ungezuhamba
class 4	izohamba	ezohamba	izohamba	ayizuhamba	engezuhamba	ingezuhamba
class 5	lizohamba	elizohamba	lizohamba	alizuhamba	elingezuhamba	lingezuhamba
class 6	azohamba	azohamba	ezohamba	awazuhamba	angezuhamba	engezuhamba
class 7	sizohamba	esizohamba	sizohamba	asizuhamba	esingezuhamba	singezuhamba
class 8	zizohamba	ezizohamba	zizohamba	azizuhamba	ezingezuhamba	zingezuhamba
class 9	izohamba	ezohamba	izohamba	ayizuhamba	engezuhamba	ingezuhamba
class 10	zizohamba	ezizohamba	zizohamba	azizuhamba	ezingezuhamba	zingezuhamba
class 11	luzohamba	oluzohamba	luzohamba	aluzuhamba	olungezuhamba	lungezuhamba
class 14	buzohamba	obuzohamba	buzohamba	abuzuhamba	obungezuhamba	bungezuhamba
class 15	kuzohamba	okuzohamba	kuzohamba	akuzuhamba	okungezuhamba	kungezuhamba
class 17	kuzohamba	okuzohamba	kuzohamba	akuzuhamba	okungezuhamba	kungezuhamba
remote future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyohamba	engiyohamba	ngiyohamba	angiyuhamba	engingeyuhamba	ngingeyuhamba
2nd singular	uyohamba	oyohamba	uyohamba	awuyuhamba	ongeyuhamba	ungeyuhamba
1st plural	siyohamba	esiyohamba	siyohamba	asiyuhamba	esingeyuhamba	singeyuhamba
2nd plural	niyohamba	eniyohamba	niyohamba	aniyuhamba	eningeyuhamba	ningeyuhamba
class 1	uyohamba	oyohamba	eyohamba	akayuhamba	ongeyuhamba	engeyuhamba
class 2	bayohamba	abayohamba	beyohamba	abayuhamba	abangeyuhamba	bengeyuhamba
class 3	uyohamba	oyohamba	uyohamba	awuyuhamba	ongeyuhamba	ungeyuhamba
class 4	iyohamba	eyohamba	iyohamba	ayiyuhamba	engeyuhamba	ingeyuhamba
class 5	liyohamba	eliyohamba	liyohamba	aliyuhamba	elingeyuhamba	lingeyuhamba
class 6	ayohamba	ayohamba	eyohamba	awayuhamba	angeyuhamba	engeyuhamba
class 7	siyohamba	esiyohamba	siyohamba	asiyuhamba	esingeyuhamba	singeyuhamba
class 8	ziyohamba	eziyohamba	ziyohamba	aziyuhamba	ezingeyuhamba	zingeyuhamba
class 9	iyohamba	eyohamba	iyohamba	ayiyuhamba	engeyuhamba	ingeyuhamba
class 10	ziyohamba	eziyohamba	ziyohamba	aziyuhamba	ezingeyuhamba	zingeyuhamba
class 11	luyohamba	oluyohamba	luyohamba	aluyuhamba	olungeyuhamba	lungeyuhamba
class 14	buyohamba	obuyohamba	buyohamba	abuyuhamba	obungeyuhamba	bungeyuhamba
class 15	kuyohamba	okuyohamba	kuyohamba	akuyuhamba	okungeyuhamba	kungeyuhamba
class 17	kuyohamba	okuyohamba	kuyohamba	akuyuhamba	okungeyuhamba	kungeyuhamba
present subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngihambe	ngingahambi
2nd singular	uhambe	ungahambi
1st plural	sihambe	singahambi
2nd plural	nihambe	ningahambi
class 1	ahambe	angahambi
class 2	bahambe	bangahambi
class 3	uhambe	ungahambi
class 4	ihambe	ingahambi
class 5	lihambe	lingahambi
class 6	ahambe	angahambi
class 7	sihambe	singahambi
class 8	zihambe	zingahambi
class 9	ihambe	ingahambi
class 10	zihambe	zingahambi
class 11	luhambe	lungahambi
class 14	buhambe	bungahambi
class 15	kuhambe	kungahambi
class 17	kuhambe	kungahambi
past subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngahamba	ngangahamba, angahamba, angangahamba
2nd singular	wahamba	wangahamba, awahamba, awangahamba
1st plural	sahamba	sangahamba, asahamba, asangahamba
2nd plural	nahamba	nangahamba, anahamba, anangahamba
class 1	wahamba	wangahamba, akahamba, akangahamba
class 2	bahamba	bangahamba, abahamba, abangahamba
class 3	wahamba	wangahamba, awahamba, awangahamba
class 4	yahamba	yangahamba, ayahamba, ayangahamba
class 5	lahamba	langahamba, alahamba, alangahamba
class 6	ahamba	angahamba, awahamba, awangahamba
class 7	sahamba	sangahamba, asahamba, asangahamba
class 8	zahamba	zangahamba, azahamba, azangahamba
class 9	yahamba	yangahamba, ayahamba, ayangahamba
class 10	zahamba	zangahamba, azahamba, azangahamba
class 11	lwahamba	lwangahamba, alwahamba, alwangahamba
class 14	bahamba	bangahamba, abahamba, abangahamba
class 15	kwahamba	kwangahamba, akwahamba, akwangahamba
class 17	kwahamba	kwangahamba, akwahamba, akwangahamba

Derived terms

• uhambo
• inkambo

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “hamba”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hamba (3.9)”