honga

Herero

Verb

honga

1. to teach

Karelian

Regional variants of honga

North Karelian (Viena)	honka
South Karelian (Tver)	honga

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *honka. Cognates include Finnish honka and Estonian hong.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhoŋɡɑ/
• Hyphenation: hon‧ga

Noun

honga (genitive hongan, partitive hongua)

1. (South Karelian) dead, dry pine tree

Declension

Tver Karelian declension of honga (type 5/koira no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	honga	hongat
genitive	hongan	hongin
partitive	hongua	hongie
illative	hongah	hongih
inessive	hongašša	hongissa
elative	hongašta	hongista
adessive	hongalla	hongilla
ablative	hongalda	hongilda
translative	hongakši	hongiksi
essive	hongana	hongina
comitative	honganke	honginke
abessive	hongatta	hongitta
prolative	hongačči	hongičči
instructive	—	hongin

Possessive forms of honga
1st person	hongani
2nd person	hongaš
3rd person	hongah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

• A. V. Punzhina (1994), “honga”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-honga (infinitive kuhonga)

1. to bribe

Conjugation

Conjugation of -honga
Positive present -nahonga Subjunctive -honge Negative -hongi Imperative singular honga
Infinitives
Positive kuhonga Negative kutohonga
Imperatives
Singular honga Plural hongeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huhonga Positive past positive subject concord + -lihonga Negative past negative subject concord + -kuhonga
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahonga) Singular Plural 1st person ninahonga/nahonga tunahonga 2nd person unahonga mnahonga 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anahonga wanahonga other classes positive subject concord + -nahonga
Negative present (negative subject concord + -hongi) Singular Plural 1st person sihongi hatuhongi 2nd person huhongi hamhongi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hahongi hawahongi other classes negative subject concord + -hongi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tahonga Negative future negative subject concord + -tahonga
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -honge) Singular Plural 1st person nihonge tuhonge 2nd person uhonge mhonge 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahonge wahonge other classes positive subject concord + -honge
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sihonge Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngehonga Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singehonga Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalihonga Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalihonga
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahonga) Singular Plural 1st person nahonga twahonga 2nd person wahonga mwahonga 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahonga wahonga m-mi(III/IV) wahonga yahonga ji-ma(V/VI) lahonga yahonga ki-vi(VII/VIII) chahonga vyahonga n(IX/X) yahonga zahonga u(XI) wahonga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwahonga pa(XVI) pahonga mu(XVIII) mwahonga
Perfect positive subject concord + -mehonga "Already" positive subject concord + -meshahonga "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jahonga "If/When" positive subject concord + -kihonga "If not" positive subject concord + -sipohonga Consecutive kahonga / positive subject concord + -kahonga Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kahonge
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nihonga -tuhonga 2nd person -kuhonga -wahonga/-kuhongeni/-wahongeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mhonga -wahonga m-mi(III/IV) -uhonga -ihonga ji-ma(V/VI) -lihonga -yahonga ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kihonga -vihonga n(IX/X) -ihonga -zihonga u(XI) -uhonga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuhonga pa(XVI) -pahonga mu(XVIII) -muhonga Reflexive -jihonga
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -honga- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -hongaye -hongao m-mi(III/IV) -hongao -hongayo ji-ma(V/VI) -hongalo -hongayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -hongacho -hongavyo n(IX/X) -hongayo -hongazo u(XI) -hongao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -hongako pa(XVI) -hongapo mu(XVIII) -hongamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -honga) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yehonga -ohonga m-mi(III/IV) -ohonga -yohonga ji-ma(V/VI) -lohonga -yohonga ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chohonga -vyohonga n(IX/X) -yohonga -zohonga u(XI) -ohonga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kohonga pa(XVI) -pohonga mu(XVIII) -mohonga
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Passive: -hongwa

• Nominal derivations:
  • hongo