ler

See also: LER, lèr, lêr, and -ler

Translingual

Symbol

ler

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Lenkau.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Lenkau terms

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /leːˀr/, [ˈleˀɐ̯], [ˈleɐ̯ˀ]

Etymology 1

From Old Danish leer, from Old Norse leir, from Proto-Germanic *laizą, cognate with Norwegian leire, Swedish lera. Probably from the Indo-European root *h₂leyH- (“to smear”).

Noun

ler n (singular definite leret, not used in plural form)

1. clay

Declension

Declension of ler

neuter gender	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	ler	leret
genitive	lers	lerets

Derived terms

• blåler
• leraflejring
• lerart
• leret
• lerfad
• lerholdig
• lerhus
• lerhytte
• lerkar
• lerklump
• lerkrukke
• lerpotte
• moræneler
• pibeler
• rødler

See also

• “ler” in Den Danske Ordbog
• ler on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ler

1. present tense of le

Galician

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese leer, from Latin legere. Compare Portuguese ler.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈleɾ/ [ˈleɾ]
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Hyphenation: ler

Verb

ler (first-person singular present leo, first-person singular preterite lín, past participle lido)
ler (first-person singular present leio, first-person singular preterite lim or li, past participle lido, reintegrationist norm)

1. to read

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ler (irregular)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	ler
Personal	ler	leres	ler	lermos	lerdes	leren
Gerund
	lendo
Past participle
Masculine	lido			lidos
Feminine	lida			lidas
Indicative
Present	leo	les	le	lemos	ledes	len
Imperfect	lía	lías	lía	liamos	liades	lían
Preterite	lín	liches	leu	lin	lestes	leron
Pluperfect	lera	leras	lera	leramos	lerades	leran
Future	lerei	lerás	lerá	leremos	leredes	lerán
Conditional	lería	lerías	lería	leriamos	leriades	lerían
Subjunctive
Present	lea	leas	lea	leamos	leades	lean
Imperfect	lese	leses	lese	lésemos	lésedes	lesen
Future	ler	leres	ler	lermos	lerdes	leren
Imperative
Affirmative		le	lea	leamos	lede	lean
Negative (non)		non leas	non lea	non leamos	non leades	non lean

    Reintegrated conjugation of ler (irregular) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	ler
Personal	ler	leres	ler	lermos	lerdes	lerem
Gerund
	lendo
Past participle
Masculine	lido			lidos
Feminine	lida			lidas
Indicative
Present	leio, leo1	lês	lê	lemos	ledes	lem, leem
Imperfect	lia	lias	lia	líamos	líades, líeis, líais1	liam
Preterite	lim, li	leste, leche1	leu	lemos	lestes	lêrom, leram
Pluperfect	lera	leras	lera	lêramos	lêrades, lêreis, lêrais1	leram
Future	lerei	lerás	lerá	leremos	leredes, lereis	lerám, lerão
Conditional	leria	lerias	leria	leríamos	leríades, leríeis, leríais1	leriam
Subjunctive
Present	leia, lea1	leias, leas1	leia, lea1	leiamos, leamos1	leiades, leiais, leades1	leiam, leam1
Imperfect	lesse	lesses	lesse	lêssemos	lêssedes, lêsseis	lessem
Future	ler	leres	ler	lermos	lerdes	lerem
Imperative
Affirmative		lê	leia, lea1	leiamos, leamos1	lede	leiam, leam1
Negative (nom)		nom leias, nom leas1	nom leia, nom lea1	nom leiamos, nom leamos1	nom leiades, nom leiais, nom leades1	nom leiam, nom leam1

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• reler
• trasler
• lector
• lectura

References

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “leer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “leer”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “ler”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “ler”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “ler”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Further reading

• “ler”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
• “ler”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2025

Japanese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “whence r?”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾa̠ː]

Suffix

ler(ラー) • (-rā) 

1. alternative form of er (ā)

Derived terms

Japanese terms suffixed with ler

キティラー

クチャラー

シノラー

ツイッタラー

マヨラー

Mirandese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈleɾ/ [ˈleɾ]
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: ler

Verb

ler (first-person singular present leio, first-person singular preterite li, past participle lido)

1. Sendinese form of lher (“to read”)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ler (irregular)

infinitive			ler
gerund			lendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		lido		lida
		plural		lidos		lidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
personal non-finite		you	tu	el/eilha	nós	bós	eilhes/eilhas
	infinitive	ler	leres	ler	lermos	lerdes	léren
indicative		you	tu	el/eilha	nós	bós	eilhes/eilhas
	present	leio	leis, leies	lei	lemos	ledes	léien, len
	imperfect	lie	lies	lie	liemos	liedes	lien
	preterite	li	liste	liu	limos	listes	lírun
	pluperfect	lira	liras	lira	líramos	lírades	líran
	future	lerei	lerás	lerá	leremos	lereis	leran
	conditional	lerie	leries	lerie	leriemos	leriedes	lerien
subjunctive		you	tu	el/eilha	nós	bós	eilhes/eilhas
	present	leia	leias	leia	léiamos	léiades	léian
	imperfect	lisse	lisses	lisse	líssemos	líssedes	líssen
	future	lir	lires	lir	lirmos	lirdes	líren
imperative		you	tu	el/eilha	nós	bós	eilhes/eilhas
	affirmative	—	lei	—	—	lede	—

References

• Alberto Gómez Bautista (2013) El mirandés: contexto y procesos de formación de palabras (Thesis)‎ (in Spanish), Madrid: Department of Romance Studies, Complutense Univesity of Madrid, page 502

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /leːr/
• Rhymes: -eːr

Verb

ler

1. present of le

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

ler

1. present of le

Old Galician-Portuguese

Alternative forms

• lez (likely a misspelling)

Etymology

Unknown. Likely from Proto-Celtic *liros.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈleɾ/

Noun

ler m (plural lers)

1. sea, beach, shore
   • 13th century, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional, Nuno Fernandes Torneol, B 645: Vi eu mia madr'andar (facsimile)

     Foy eu madre veer / As barcas eno lez (sic) / E moirome damor

     I went, mother, to see / the boats at the shore, / and I'm dying of love.

Usage notes

• Do not confuse with leer (“to read”).