múch

See also: much, mùch, and müch

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish múchaid (“to cover over, press down, suffocate, quench”), from múch (“smoke, stifling vapour”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mˠuːx/

Verb

múch (present analytic múchann, future analytic múchfaidh, verbal noun múchadh, past participle múchta)

1. to extinguish, quench (fire)
2. to choke, strangle, suffocate, smother
3. to quell, put down, suppress

Conjugation

conjugation of múch (first conjugation – A)

verbal noun	múchadh
past participle	múchta
tense	singular			plural			relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative
present	múchaim	múchann tú; múchair†	múchann sé, sí	múchaimid	múchann sibh	múchann siad; múchaid†	a mhúchann; a mhúchas / a múchann*	múchtar
past	mhúch mé; mhúchas	mhúch tú; mhúchais	mhúch sé, sí	mhúchamar; mhúch muid	mhúch sibh; mhúchabhair	mhúch siad; mhúchadar	a mhúch / ar mhúch*	múchadh
past habitual	mhúchainn / múchainn‡‡	mhúchtá / múchtᇇ	mhúchadh sé, sí / múchadh sé, s퇇	mhúchaimis; mhúchadh muid / múchaimis‡‡; múchadh muid‡‡	mhúchadh sibh / múchadh sibh‡‡	mhúchaidís; mhúchadh siad / múchaidís‡‡; múchadh siad‡‡	a mhúchadh / a múchadh*	mhúchtaí / múchta퇇
future	múchfaidh mé; múchfad	múchfaidh tú; múchfair†	múchfaidh sé, sí	múchfaimid; múchfaidh muid	múchfaidh sibh	múchfaidh siad; múchfaid†	a mhúchfaidh; a mhúchfas / a múchfaidh*	múchfar
conditional	mhúchfainn / múchfainn‡‡	mhúchfá / múchfᇇ	mhúchfadh sé, sí / múchfadh sé, s퇇	mhúchfaimis; mhúchfadh muid / múchfaimis‡‡; múchfadh muid‡‡	mhúchfadh sibh / múchfadh sibh‡‡	mhúchfaidís; mhúchfadh siad / múchfaidís‡‡; múchfadh siad‡‡	a mhúchfadh / a múchfadh*	mhúchfaí / múchfa퇇
subjunctive
present	go múcha mé; go múchad†	go múcha tú; go múchair†	go múcha sé, sí	go múchaimid; go múcha muid	go múcha sibh	go múcha siad; go múchaid†	—	go múchtar
past	dá múchainn	dá múchtá	dá múchadh sé, sí	dá múchaimis; dá múchadh muid	dá múchadh sibh	dá múchaidís; dá múchadh siad	—	dá múchtaí
imperative
–	múchaim	múch	múchadh sé, sí	múchaimis	múchaigí; múchaidh†	múchaidís	—	múchtar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms

• múchtach (“smothering”, adjective)
• múchtóir (“extinguisher”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of múch

radical	lenition	eclipsis
múch	mhúch	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “múchaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “múch”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmuːx/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *muk-. Perhaps related to múich (“gloom, sadness”).

Noun

múch f (genitive múiche)

1. smoke, vapor

Declension

Feminine ā-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	múchL	—	—
vocative	múchL	—	—
accusative	múichN	—	—
genitive	múicheH	—	—
dative	múichL	—	—

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• múchaid (“to suffocate, extinguish”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

múch

1. second-person singular imperative of múchaid

Verb

·múch

1. inflection of múchaid:
   1. third-person singular preterite conjunct
   2. first-person singular present subjunctive conjunct

Mutation

Mutation of múch

radical	lenition	nasalization
múch also mmúch in h-prothesis environments	múch pronounced with /β̃-/	múch also mmúch

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “múch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /muːx/

Noun

múch

1. genitive plural of mucha