paralysis

English

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paralysis

Wikipedia

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin paralysis, from Ancient Greek παράλυσις (parálusis, “palsy”), from παραλύω (paralúō, “to disable on one side”). By surface analysis, para- +‎ -lysis. Doublet of palsy.

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /pəˈɹæləsəs/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

paralysis (countable and uncountable, plural paralyses)

2. (pathology) The complete loss of voluntary control of part of a person's body, such as one or more limbs.
3. A state of being unable to act.

   The government has been in a paralysis since it lost its majority in the parliament.

   • 2023 June 30, Marina Hyde, “The tide is coming in fast on Rishi Sunak – and it’s full of sewage”, in The Guardian‎:

     Until then, the Sunak administration remains a study in ineffectuality on multiple fronts, leading Goldsmith to cite, not unreasonably, “a kind of paralysis”.

Synonyms

• immobility
• palsy

Derived terms

• acroparalysis
• analysis paralysis
• angioparalysis
• Australian paralysis tick
• Brown-Séquard's paralysis
• Chronic bee paralysis virus
• chronic bee paralysis virus
• fowl paralysis
• general paralysis
• general paralysis of the insane
• hemiparalysis
• immunoparalysis
• infantile paralysis
• iridoparalysis
• keraunoparalysis
• laryngoparalysis
• neuroparalysis
• paralysis agitans
• paralysis by analysis
• paralysis tick
• pseudoparalysis
• pyjama paralysis
• semiparalysis
• sleep paralysis
• stethoparalysis
• telegrapher's paralysis
• tick paralysis
• vasoparalysis

Related terms

• paralyse/paralyze
• paralytic

Translations

loss of muscle control

Albanian: paralizë (sq) f Arabic: شَلَل m (šalal), فَالَج m (fālaj) Armenian: կաթվածահարություն (hy) (katʻvacaharutʻyun) Asturian: paralís m, parálisis f Azerbaijani: iflic (az) Belarusian: пара́ліч m (parálič) Bhojpuri: लकवा (lakᵊvā) Bulgarian: пара́лиза (bg) f (paráliza) Catalan: paràlisi f Chinese: Mandarin: 癱瘓 / 瘫痪 (zh) (tānhuàn), 麻痹 (zh) (mábì) (traditional variant: 痲痺 / 痳痹 (zh) (mábì)) Crimean Tatar: nüzül Czech: ochrnutí n, paralýza f Danish: paralyse c, lammelse c Dutch: verlamming (nl) f Esperanto: paralizo Estonian: halvatus Faroese: lamningur m, lammilsi n Finnish: halvaus (fi) French: paralysie (fr) f Georgian: დამბლა (dambla) German: Paralyse (de) f, Lähmung (de) f, Muskellähmung f Greek: παράλυση (el) f (parálysi) Ancient: παράλυσις f (parálusis) Hebrew: שיתוק \ שִׁתּוּק (he) m (shitúk) Hindi: लक़वा (laqvā), पक्षाघात (hi) m (pakṣāghāt), अंगघात (aṅgghāt), फ़ालिज (fālij) Hungarian: bénulás (hu), paralízis (hu), megbénulás (hu), lebénulás, parézis Icelandic: lömun (is) f Italian: paralisi (it) Japanese: まひ状態 (まひじょうたい, mahijōtei), 麻痺 (ja) (まひ, mahi) Kazakh: сал (sal), паралич (paraliç) Korean: 마비(痲痺) (ko) (mabi) Kyrgyz: шал (ky) (şal), паралич (paralic) Lao: ອຳມະພາດ (ʼam ma phāt) Latin: paralysis f Latvian: paralīze f Lithuanian: paralyžius m Macedonian: парали́за f (paralíza) Malay: kelumpuhan Manx: neulheiltys m Maori: mate rōrā Mongolian: Cyrillic: саа (mn) (saa) Mongolian: ᠰᠠ (sa) Norwegian: Bokmål: lammelse m Occitan: paralisi (oc) f Persian: فلج (fa) (falaj) Polish: paraliż (pl) m, porażenie (pl) n, bezwład (pl) m Portuguese: paralisia (pt) f Romanian: paralizie (ro) f Russian: парали́ч (ru) m (paralíč), парализо́ванность (ru) f (paralizóvannostʹ) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: парали́за f Roman: paralíza (sh) f Slovak: ochrnutie n, paralýza f Slovene: paraliza f, ohromelost f Spanish: parálisis (es) Swedish: paralys c, förlamning (sv) c Tajik: фалаҷ (falaj) Telugu: పక్షవాతము (te) (pakṣavātamu) Thai: อัมพาต (th) (am-má-pâat) Turkish: felç (tr), inme (tr) Ukrainian: пара́ліч m (parálič) Urdu: لَقْوَہ m (laqvā), فالِج (fālij) Uzbek: paralich (uz), shol (uz), falaj (uz) Vietnamese: liệt (vi) Volapük: lem (vo) Yiddish: פּאַראַליטש (paralitsh)

state of inability to act

Finnish: lama (fi), lamaannus (fi) Hungarian: bénultság (hu), cselekvésképtelenség, tehetetlenség (hu) Occitan: paralisi (oc) f Polish: paraliż (pl) m, niemoc (pl) f, bezwład (pl) m Portuguese: paralisia (pt) f Russian: парали́ч (ru) m (paralíč)

See also

• -plegia: paraplegia, quadriplegia etc.
• paresis

Further reading

• “paralysis”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “paralysis”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “paralysis”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek παράλυσις (parálusis, “palsy”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [paˈra.ly.sɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [paˈraː.li.s̬is]

Noun

paralysis f (genitive paralysis or paralyseōs or paralysios); third declension

1. paralysis, palsy

Declension

Third-declension noun (Greek-type, i-stem).

	singular	plural
nominative	paralysis	paralysēs paralyseis
genitive	paralysis paralyseōs paralysios	paralysium
dative	paralysī	paralysibus
accusative	paralysim paralysin paralysem1	paralysēs paralysīs
ablative	paralysī paralyse1	paralysibus
vocative	paralysis paralysi	paralysēs paralyseis

¹Found sometimes in Medieval and New Latin.

Descendants

• Asturian: paralís
• Old French: parelisie
  • → English: palsy
  • → Galician: perlesía
  • → Asturian: perllesía, perlesía

Borrowings

• → Asturian: parálisis
• → Catalan: paràlisi
• → English: paralysis
• → Esperanto: paralizo
• → French: paralysie
  • → Portuguese: paralisia
  • → Romanian: paralizie
    • → Tetum: paralizia
• → Galician: parálise
• → German: Paralyse
• → Italian: paralisi
• → Occitan: paralisi
• → Polish: paraliż
  • → Russian: паралич (paralič)
  • → Ukrainian: параліч (paralič)
  • → Yiddish: פּאַראַליטש (paralitsh)
• → Serbo-Croatian: парали́за, paralíza
• → Slovak: paralýza, paralíza
• → Slovene: paraliza, paralíza
• → Spanish: parálisis
• → Swedish: paralys

References

• “paralysis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “paralysis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.