pender

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese pender (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin pendēre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [penˈdeɾ]

Verb

pender (first-person singular present pendo, first-person singular preterite pendín, past participle pendido)
pender (first-person singular present pendo, first-person singular preterite pendim or pendi, past participle pendido, reintegrationist norm)

1. to hang, dangle

   Synonyms: colgar, pendurar

   • 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 119:

     Tallaras o polmo daredor et tirallo as todo de rreiz, et el tirado, fende a danadura da parte hu mais pender por se non retẽer o uinino nen outra cousa de podreen na chaga

     You'll cut the swelling all around and you'll remove all of it from its root, and then you'll cleave the injury in the part that hangs the more, for it not to retain the venom nor other rotten thing in the open wound

Conjugation

    Conjugation of pender

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	pender
Personal	pender	penderes	pender	pendermos	penderdes	penderen
Gerund
	pendendo
Past participle
Masculine	pendido			pendidos
Feminine	pendida			pendidas
Indicative
Present	pendo	pendes	pende	pendemos	pendedes	penden
Imperfect	pendía	pendías	pendía	pendiamos	pendiades	pendían
Preterite	pendín	pendiches	pendeu	pendemos	pendestes	penderon
Pluperfect	pendera	penderas	pendera	penderamos	penderades	penderan
Future	penderei	penderás	penderá	penderemos	penderedes	penderán
Conditional	pendería	penderías	pendería	penderiamos	penderiades	penderían
Subjunctive
Present	penda	pendas	penda	pendamos	pendades	pendan
Imperfect	pendese	pendeses	pendese	pendésemos	pendésedes	pendesen
Future	pender	penderes	pender	pendermos	penderdes	penderen
Imperative
Affirmative		pende	penda	pendamos	pendede	pendan
Negative (non)		non pendas	non penda	non pendamos	non pendades	non pendan

    Reintegrated conjugation of pender (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	pender
Personal	pender	penderes	pender	pendermos	penderdes	penderem
Gerund
	pendendo
Past participle
Masculine	pendido			pendidos
Feminine	pendida			pendidas
Indicative
Present	pendo	pendes	pende	pendemos	pendedes, pendeis	pendem
Imperfect	pendia	pendias	pendia	pendíamos	pendíades, pendíeis, pendíais1	pendiam
Preterite	pendim, pendi	pendeste, pendeche1	pendeu	pendemos	pendestes	pendêrom, penderam
Pluperfect	pendera	penderas	pendera	pendêramos	pendêrades, pendêreis, pendêrais1	penderam
Future	penderei	penderás	penderá	penderemos	penderedes, pendereis	penderám, penderão
Conditional	penderia	penderias	penderia	penderíamos	penderíades, penderíeis, penderíais1	penderiam
Subjunctive
Present	penda	pendas	penda	pendamos	pendades, pendais	pendam
Imperfect	pendesse	pendesses	pendesse	pendêssemos	pendêssedes, pendêsseis	pendessem
Future	pender	penderes	pender	pendermos	penderdes	penderem
Imperative
Affirmative		pende	penda	pendamos	pendede, pendei	pendam
Negative (nom)		nom pendas	nom penda	nom pendamos	nom pendades, nom pendais	nom pendam

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• depender
• pendello
• pendente
• pendurar

References

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “pender”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “pender”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “pender”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “pender”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “pender”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pender, from Latin pendēre, from Proto-Italic *pendēō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to pull; to spin”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pẽˈde(ʁ)/ [pẽˈde(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pẽˈde(ʁ)/ [pẽˈde(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /pẽˈde(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /pẽˈde(ʁ)/ [pẽˈde(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /pẽˈde(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pẽˈdeɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pẽˈdeɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /pẽˈde.ɾi/

• Rhymes: (Brazil) -eʁ, (Portugal) -eɾ
• Hyphenation: pen‧der

Verb

pender (first-person singular present pendo, first-person singular preterite pendi, past participle pendido)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to hang or be suspended (from)
2. (transitive, intransitive) to put or be inclined or drooping
3. (transitive) to have a vocation, propensity (for)
4. (transitive) to be subject to; depend on
5. (transitive) to be favorable (to); lean (towards)
6. (transitive) to be imminent (about)
7. (transitive) to be willing
8. (transitive) to wilt and sag
9. (intransitive) to be about to fall
10. (intransitive) to be resolved
11. (intransitive) to be threatened with ruin
12. (intransitive) to fall inert, hang

Conjugation

    Conjugation of pender (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	pender
Personal	pender	penderes	pender	pendermos	penderdes	penderem
Gerund
	pendendo
Past participle
Masculine	pendido			pendidos
Feminine	pendida			pendidas
Indicative
Present	pendo	pendes	pende	pendemos	pendeis	pendem
Imperfect	pendia	pendias	pendia	pendíamos	pendíeis	pendiam
Preterite	pendi	pendeste	pendeu	pendemos	pendestes	penderam
Pluperfect	pendera	penderas	pendera	pendêramos	pendêreis	penderam
Future	penderei	penderás	penderá	penderemos	pendereis	penderão
Conditional	penderia	penderias	penderia	penderíamos	penderíeis	penderiam
Subjunctive
Present	penda	pendas	penda	pendamos	pendais	pendam
Imperfect	pendesse	pendesses	pendesse	pendêssemos	pendêsseis	pendessem
Future	pender	penderes	pender	pendermos	penderdes	penderem
Imperative
Affirmative		pende	penda	pendamos	pendei	pendam
Negative (não)		não pendas	não penda	não pendamos	não pendais	não pendam

Synonyms

• curvar
• decair
• depender
• dependurar
• inclinar
• pendurar
• propender
• suspender
• tender

Antonyms

• autonomizar
• endireitar
• erguer
• independentizar
• levantar

Related terms

• apender
• fender
• pendor
• pendre
• perder
• pesar
• prender
• render
• tender
• vender

See also

• favorável
• murcho

Further reading

• “pender”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
• “pender”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Anagrams

• pendre