ri

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ri"

Languages (35)

English

---

Albanian • Anguthimri • Cornish • Dalmatian • Danish • Esperanto • French • Galician • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Hausa • Igbo • Italian • Japanese • Javanese • Kabuverdianu • Kaqchikel • Lashi • Lutuv • Makasar • Mandarin • Mizo • Nabi • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Javanese • Portuguese • Scottish Gaelic • Sumerian • Tocharian A • Tunica • Vietnamese • Welsh • Yoruba • Zazaki

---

Page categories

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɹiː/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iː

Etymology 1

From the McCune-Reischauer romanization of Korean 리 (ri), from Chinese 里 (lǐ). Doublet of li.

Noun

ri (plural ris or li)

1. (Units of measure) A Korean unit of distance equivalent to about 393 m.

Etymology 2

Noun

ri

1. (music) The solfeggio syllable used to indicate the sharp of the second note of a major scale, enharmonic to me.

Anagrams

• IR, Ir., ir-

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *(h)eríja- 'of this time, from this time, presently, of now > new, recent', a derivative of Alb. herë '(one) time, hour' etc., which is an old loan-word from Latin hōra 'time, hour' etc.; the Albanian substantive is historically not compatible with a reconstruction Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥wo-, zero-grade of *h₁orwo- (compare Old English earu (“quick”), Tocharian B ārwer (“ready”), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥𐬙 (aruuant, “quick, brave”)), as has been proposed in the literature. According to R. Matasovic (A grammatical sketch of Albanian for students of Indo-European. Zadar 2018), the etymology of the adjective is controversial and has no accepted source or from substrate.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾi]

Adjective

i ri (feminine e re, masculine plural të rinj, feminine plural të reja)

1. young

   një vajzë e re

   a young girl

2. new

   filma të rinj

   new movies

References

Neri, Sergio, Article ri (i), re (e) in: Bardhyl Demiraj, Olav Hackstein, Sergio Neri und Ania Omari. DPEWA, Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen“ (15.-18. Jh.), München 2018-2021 (https://www.dpwa.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/dictionary/?lemmaid=14385)

Anguthimri

Noun

ri

1. (Mpakwithi) excrement

References

• Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 188

Cornish

Alternative forms

• (Revived Late Cornish) rei

Etymology

From Middle Cornish ry, from Proto-Brythonic *rroɣid, from Proto-Celtic *rogīti. Cognate with Breton reiñ and Welsh rhoi.

Verb

ri (irregular)

1. to give
2. to grant

   Synonym: grontya

3. to present

   Synonyms: komendya, presentya

Conjugation

Conjugation of ri

		singular			plural			impersonal
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present/future	rov	redh	re	ren	rowgh	rons	rer
	preterite	res	resys	ros	resen	resowgh	rosons	ros
	imperfect	ren	res	ri	ren	rewgh	rens	res
	pluperfect	rosen	roses	rosa	rosen	rosewgh	rosens	rosys
subjunctive	present/future	rylliv	rylli	rollo	ryllyn	ryllowgh	rollons	roller
	imperfect	rollen	rolles	rolla	rollen	rollewgh	rollens	rollys
imperative		-	ro / roy	res	ren	rewgh	rens	-
non-finite forms		present participle		ow ri	verbal adjective		res

Derived terms

• ri arta (“give back”)
• ri breus (“give an opinion”)
• ri bri a (“contribute”)
• ri dyskans dhe (“educate”)
• ri farwell gans an leuv (“wave goodbye”)
• ri gorrans (“give a lift”)
• ri gweres arghans (“subsidise, support financially”)
• ri kendon (“lend”)
• ri tre (“give back, return”)

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

• rau

Etymology

From Latin reus. Compare Italian rio, Romanian rău.

Adjective

ri (feminine raja)

1. bad

Danish

Etymology

From Middle Low German rigen (“to put in folds”), from or related to Old Saxon rekkian (“to extend”). Distantly related to Old Norse rekja (“to unfold, unwind”), hence a doublet of række (“to reach”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /riː/, [ʁiːˀ]

Verb

ri (imperative ri, present rir or rier, past riede, past participle riet)

1. baste, tack (to sew with wide stitches to temporarily fasten pieces of cloth)

Derived terms

• rining

Esperanto

English Wikipedia has an article on:

ri (pronoun)

Wikipedia

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ri/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: ri

Pronoun

ri (accusative rin, possessive ria)

1. (gender-neutral, nonstandard) they (singular). A gender-neutral singular third-person personal pronoun.
   • 1997, Liland Brajant ROS', “Pri Sennaciistaj postulatoj”, in soc.culture.esperanto‎ (Usenet):

     Kial gravas, kiu ri estas?

     Why is it important, who they are?

   • 2006, “Maldormemo mia”, in Eksenlime, performed by La Perdita Generacio:

     Najbaro laboranta en la sama laborejo / En la bela domo ri ne pentras plu

     A neighbor working in the same workplace / In the beautiful house they don't paint anymore

   • 2014, Roland Bonkorpa, “Fiinsulo”, in Beletra Almanako, number 21, New York, N.Y.: Mondial, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 32:

     Ri estis la plej pacienca kaj inteligenta hundo, kiun mi iam renkontis.

     They were the most patient and intelligent dog I had ever met.

Usage notes

In 1976, the gender-neutral pronoun ri was presented for the first time alongside the pronouns li (he) and ŝi (she). Until about 2010, it remained a seldom used experimental word, but after 2010 its use has increased significantly, especially in youth circles in Western countries. Comparable to English epicene pronouns. Also read about gender reform in Esperanto. Alternatives include expanding the use of the demonstrative pronoun tiu (“that one”) or using the similarly proscribed ŝli.

Synonyms

• (neologism, non standard) ŝli

Derived terms

• riismo (“ri-ism”)

See also

Esperanto personal pronouns

		singular				plural
		nominative	accusative	possessive		nominative	accusative	possessive
first person		mi	min	mia		ni	nin	nia
second person	formal	vi	vin	via		vi	vin	via
	familiar1	ci	cin	cia
third person	masculine	li	lin	lia		ili iŝi3	ilin iŝin3	ilia iŝia3
	feminine	ŝi	ŝin	ŝia
	neuter	ĝi	ĝin	ĝia
	gender-neutral2	ri ŝli	rin ŝlin	ria ŝlia
	reflexive	si	sin	sia		si	sin	sia
indefinite		oni	onin	onia		oni	onin	onia

¹ The second-person familiar pronouns are rare.

² The proposed gender-neutral third-person singular pronouns ri (rin, ria) and ŝli (ŝlin, ŝlia) are not widely used.

³ The proposed third-person feminine plural pronoun iŝi (iŝin, iŝia) is not widely used.

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁi/

• Audio (Paris):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

Participle

ri (feminine rie, masculine plural ris, feminine plural ries)

1. past participle of rire

Galician

Verb

ri

1. inflection of rir:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative
2. (reintegrationist norm) inflection of rir:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. first-person singular preterite indicative
   3. second-person singular imperative

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese rir. Cognate with Kabuverdianu ri.

Verb

ri

1. to laugh

Hausa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rìː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [rìː]

Ideophone

r̃ī̀

1. people or animals moving as a group

Igbo

Pronunciation

• (inherent tone): IPA^(key): /rí/

Verb

ri

1. to eat, to absorb.

   Ha na-eri nri.

   They are eating food.

   • 2019, Bịabụlụ Nsọ nʼIgbo Ndị Ugbu a, Biblica Inc., Luke 24:43:

     O we nara ya, rie n'iru ha.

     He then took it and ate it in front of them.

2. to acquire.

Italian

Adjective

ri m

1. masculine plural of rio

Anagrams

• ir-

Japanese

Romanization

ri

1. The hiragana syllable り (ri) or the katakana syllable リ (ri) in Hepburn romanization.

Javanese

Romanization

ri

1. romanization of ꦫꦶ

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese rir.

Verb

ri

1. to laugh

Kaqchikel

Article

ri

1. the

Lashi

Pronunciation

• (Waingmaw) IPA^(key): [ɹi˧˧]
• (Chipwe) IPA^(key): [ɹi˨˩]
• (Mongko) IPA^(key): [le˥˥]
• Hyphenation: ri

Particle

ri

1. Used to mark the preceding noun as a direct object.
   • 2005, “Apoem ayang꞉ 1:1 [Genesis 1:1]”, in Jhoem꞉ mougsougˮ [The Book of the Bible]‎, page 2:

     Xang꞉ shiˮ moo Mangsoo gi mougkhung꞉ yoʼ myidjang ri phainˮ so꞉ toˮ.

     First, God created heaven and earth.

2. Used to form an adverbial phrase from a verb phrase.
   • 2005, “Apoem ayang꞉ 11:1 [Genesis 11:1]”, in Jhoem꞉ mougsougˮ [The Book of the Bible]‎:

     Xang꞉ shiˮ ri moug꞉ gyab goinˮ moo myeingˮ daja꞉ za꞉ kaid lho꞉ dang꞉ daja꞉ kyeingˮ joꓹ boem.

     First in the entire world there was just one language and only one speech.

References

• Hkaw Luk (2017), A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎, Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis), page 22
• Hideo Sawada (2024), “Differences between ‘Lacid’ and ‘Leqi’”, in Grammatical Phenomena of Sino-Tibetan Languages, volume 6, pages 33-54