ryðja

See also: rydja

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse ryðja, Proto-Germanic *rudjaną, a variant of Proto-Germanic *reudaną (“to clear”) (in Old Norse rjóða) and Proto-Germanic *rudōną (“to clear”) (cognates in German roden, rotten, reuten).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɪðja/

  Rhymes: -ɪðja

Verb

ryðja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative ruddi, supine rutt)

1. to clear (an area, path, etc.) [with accusative]
2. to clear (away), shove (away), push aside [with dative]

Conjugation

ryðja – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að ryðja
supine sagnbót		rutt
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		ryðjandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	ryð	ruddi		ryðji	ryddi
	þú	ryður	ruddir		ryðjir	ryddir
	hann, hún, það	ryður	ruddi		ryðji	ryddi
plural	við	ryðjum	ruddum		ryðjum	ryddum
	þið	ryðjið	rudduð		ryðjið	rydduð
	þeir, þær, þau	ryðja	ruddu		ryðji	ryddu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	ryð (þú), ryddu
plural	þið	ryðjið (þið), ryðjiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

ryðjast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að ryðjast
supine sagnbót		ruðst
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		ryðjandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	ryðst	ruddist		ryðjist	ryddist
	þú	ryðst	ruddist		ryðjist	ryddist
	hann, hún, það	ryðst	ruddist		ryðjist	ryddist
plural	við	ryðjumst	ruddumst		ryðjumst	ryddumst
	þið	ryðjist	ruddust		ryðjist	ryddust
	þeir, þær, þau	ryðjast	ruddust		ryðjist	ryddust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	ryðst (þú), ryðstu
plural	þið	ryðist (þið), ryðisti1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

ruddur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	ruddur	rudd	rutt	ruddir	ruddar	rudd
accusative (þolfall)	ruddan	rudda	rutt	rudda	ruddar	rudd
dative (þágufall)	ruddum	ruddri	ruddu	ruddum	ruddum	ruddum
genitive (eignarfall)	rudds	ruddrar	rudds	ryddra	ryddra	ryddra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	ruddi	rudda	rudda	ruddu	ruddu	ruddu
accusative (þolfall)	rudda	ruddu	rudda	ruddu	ruddu	ruddu
dative (þágufall)	rudda	ruddu	rudda	ruddu	ruddu	ruddu
genitive (eignarfall)	rudda	ruddu	rudda	ruddu	ruddu	ruddu

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *rudjaną.

Verb

ryðja (singular past indicative ruddi, plural past indicative ruddu, past participle ruddr)

1. (transitive, of land) to clear, free
2. (transitive) to clear, empty
3. (transitive, law) to challenge

Conjugation

Conjugation of ryðja — active (weak class 1)

infinitive	ryðja
present participle	ryðjandi
past participle	ruddr
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	ryð	rudda		ryðja	rydda
2nd person singular	ryðr	ruddir		ryðir	ryddir
3rd person singular	ryðr	ruddi		ryði	ryddi
1st person plural	ryðjum	ruddum		ryðim	ryddim
2nd person plural	ryðið	rudduð		ryðið	ryddið
3rd person plural	ryðja	ruddu		ryði	ryddi
imperative	present
2nd person singular	ryð
1st person plural	ryðjum
2nd person plural	ryðið

Conjugation of ryðja — mediopassive (weak class 1)

infinitive	ryðjask
present participle	ryðjandisk
past participle	ruzk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	ryðjumk	ruddumk		ryðjumk	ryddumk
2nd person singular	ryzk	ruddisk		ryðisk	ryddisk
3rd person singular	ryzk	ruddisk		ryðisk	ryddisk
1st person plural	ryðjumsk	ruddumsk		ryðimsk	ryddimsk
2nd person plural	ryðizk	rudduzk		ryðizk	ryddizk
3rd person plural	ryðjask	ruddusk		ryðisk	ryddisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	ryzk
1st person plural	ryðjumsk
2nd person plural	ryðizk

Synonyms

• hryðja

Descendants

• Faroese: ryðja
• Icelandic: ryðja
• Norwegian Nynorsk: rydja, rø; (dialectal) rya, rua, rudjø, rødja, rødda, røa, ræa
• Old Swedish: ryþia, rydhia, rödhia
  • Swedish: röja, rödja
• Old Danish: ryddæ
  • Danish: rydde
    • Norwegian Bokmål: rydde
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: rydda

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “ryðja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 345; also available at the Internet Archive