solvo

Esperanto

Etymology

From solvi +‎ -o.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsolvo/

• Audio:

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• Audio:

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• Rhymes: -olvo
• Hyphenation: sol‧vo

Noun

solvo (accusative singular solvon, plural solvoj, accusative plural solvojn)

1. solution

Italian

Verb

solvo

1. first-person singular present indicative of solvere

Anagrams

• svolo, svolò

Latin

Alternative forms

• soluō (poetic)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *s(w)é

Latin se-

Proto-Indo-European *lewh₁-der.

Proto-Indo-European *luh₁-é-ti

Latin luō

Latin solvo

From se- (“away”) + luō (“to untie, set free, separate”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈsɔɫ.woː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈsɔl.vo]

Verb

solvō (present infinitive solvere, perfect active solvī, supine solūtum); third conjugation

1. to loosen, untie, undo; free [up], release, acquit, exempt

   Synonyms: rumpo, persolvo, absolvo, explicō, distraho, dissolvo

   Antonyms: ligō, colligō, illigō, cōnserō, cōnfīgō, adalligō, alligō, dēligō, nectō, cōnectō, dēfīgō, fīgō

2. to solve, explain
3. to dissolve, break up, separate

   similia similibus solvuntur

   Like dissolves like.

4. to relax, slacken, weaken
   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 2.2.4–7:

     Vīvet extentō Proculeius aevō,
     nōtus in frātrēs animī paternī;
     illum aget pennā metuente solvī
          Fāma superstes.

     Proculeius shall live an extended age,
     well known for his fatherly spirit to his brothers;
     him will bear with feather scorning to be relaxed
          enduring Fame.

5. to cancel, remove, destroy

   Synonym: cancellō

6. to pay up, fulfil

   Synonyms: ērogō, pendo, persolvo, luo, absolvo, dissolvo

7. to undermine
8. (figuratively) (emotion, feelings) to get rid of, let go of, release, dismiss, loosen
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.562:

     “Solvite corde metum, Teucrī, sēclūdite cūrās.”

     “Release the fear within your heart[s], Teucrians, [and] banish worries.”
     (Dido tells the Trojan envoys to “unbind” the inner physical tension which follows intense emotion.)

9. to let down (hair)
10. to open (a letter)
11. to unfurl
12. to raise (a siege)
13. to dismiss (troops)
14. (of ships) to set sail

Conjugation

   Conjugation of solvō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	solvō		solvis		solvit		solvimus		solvitis		solvunt
	imperfect	solvēbam		solvēbās		solvēbat		solvēbāmus		solvēbātis		solvēbant
	future	solvam		solvēs		solvet		solvēmus		solvētis		solvent
	perfect	solvī		solvistī		solvit		solvimus		solvistis		solvērunt, solvēre
	pluperfect	solveram		solverās		solverat		solverāmus		solverātis		solverant
	future perfect	solverō		solveris		solverit		solverimus		solveritis		solverint
passive	present	solvor		solveris, solvere		solvitur		solvimur		solviminī		solvuntur
	imperfect	solvēbar		solvēbāris, solvēbāre		solvēbātur		solvēbāmur		solvēbāminī		solvēbantur
	future	solvar		solvēris, solvēre		solvētur		solvēmur		solvēminī		solventur
	perfect	solūtus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	solūtus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	solūtus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	solvam		solvās		solvat		solvāmus		solvātis		solvant
	imperfect	solverem		solverēs		solveret		solverēmus		solverētis		solverent
	perfect	solverim		solverīs		solverit		solverīmus		solverītis		solverint
	pluperfect	solvissem		solvissēs		solvisset		solvissēmus		solvissētis		solvissent
passive	present	solvar		solvāris, solvāre		solvātur		solvāmur		solvāminī		solvantur
	imperfect	solverer		solverēris, solverēre		solverētur		solverēmur		solverēminī		solverentur
	perfect	solūtus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	solūtus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		solve		—		—		solvite		—
	future	—		solvitō		solvitō		—		solvitōte		solvuntō
passive	present	—		solvere		—		—		solviminī		—
	future	—		solvitor		solvitor		—		—		solvuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		solvere			solvī			solvēns			—
future		solūtūrum esse			solūtum īrī			solūtūrus			solvendus
perfect		solvisse			solūtum esse			—			solūtus
future perfect		—			solūtum fore			—			—
perfect potential		solūtūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		solvendī		solvendō		solvendum		solvendō		solūtum		solūtū

Derived terms

• absolvō
• dissolvō
• exsolvō
• persolvō
• resolvō
• solūtiō

Descendants

• → English: solve
• → Esperanto: solvi
• French: soudre
• Italian: solvere
• Old Catalan: soldre
• Portuguese: solver
• Romanian: solvi
• Sicilian: sòrviri
• Spanish: solver

References

• “solvo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “solvo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “solvo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to awake: somno solvi
    
  • to perform the last rites for a person: iusta facere, solvere alicui
    
  • to decide, determine a question: quaestionem solvere
    
  • to open a letter: epistulam solvere, aperire, resignare (of Romans also linum incīdere)
    
  • to accomplish, pay a vow: vota solvere, persolvere, reddere
    
  • to pay money: pecuniam solvere
    
  • to repay a loan: pecuniam creditam solvere
    
  • to pay one's debts: nomina (cf. sect. XIII. 3) solvere, dissolvere, exsolvere
    
  • to pay one's old debts by making new: versurā solvere, dissolvere (Att. 5. 15. 2)
    
  • to free from legal obligations: legibus solvere
    
  • to suffer punishment: poenas dependere, expendere, solvere, persolvere
    
  • to weigh anchor, sail: solvere (B. G. 4. 28)
    
  • to weigh anchor, sail: navem (naves) solvere
    
  • the ships sail from the harbour: naves ex portu solvunt
    
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “solvō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 573