stimulus

See also: Stimulus

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:

stimulus

Wikipedia

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin stimulus (“goad, prick”).

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

stimulus (plural stimuluses or stimuli)

1. An external phenomenon that has an influence on a system, by triggering or modifying an internal phenomenon; for example, a spur or incentive that drives a person to take action or change behaviour.

   an economic stimulus

   • 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 174:

     From the beginning of the show to the end, vanity is the sole stimulus and reward of action—vanity, that never looks beyond the present.

   • 2012 November 7, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times‎:

     Democrats, meanwhile, point out that Republicans seem to have made a conscious decision, beginning with the stimulus, to oppose anything the president put forward, dooming any chance of renewed cooperation between the parties.

2. (physiology, psychology, medicine) Something external that elicits or influences a physiological or psychological activity or response, or that affects any of the sensory apparatuses.
   • 2002, Kim Burchiel, Surgical Management of Pain, Thieme, →ISBN, page 44:

     Even light nonpainful stimuli can provoke or exacerbate spontaneous pain; this is not limited to tactile, thermal, or vibratory stimuli, because auditory, visual, olfactory, and visceral stimuli also may be problematic.

3. (botany, entomology) A stinging part on the body of a plant or insect.
   • 1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 15:

     Many plants, like many animals, are furnished with arms for their protection; these are either aculei, prickles […] ; or stimuli, stings, as in the nettles, which are armed with a venomous fluid for the annoyance of naked animals.

Synonyms

• (anything that may have an impact or influence): influence; impetus, impulse, spur

Derived terms

• antistimulus
• chemostimulus
• contrastimulus
• costimulus
• counterstimulus
• discriminative stimulus
• external stimulus
• extrastimulus
• gravistimulus
• hyperstimulus
• interstimulus
• mechanostimulus
• microstimulus
• noxious stimulus
• peristimulus
• photostimulus
• Porkulus
• poststimulus
• poverty of the stimulus
• prestimulus
• stimulon
• stimulus check
• stimulus delta
• stimulus-response time
• superstimulus
• tristimulus

Translations

anything that may have an impact or influence on a system

Albanian: nxitje (sq) Armenian: ազդակ (hy) (azdak) Bulgarian: подбуда (bg) f (podbuda), подтик (bg) (podtik) Catalan: estímul (ca) m Chinese: Mandarin: 刺激物 (zh) (cìjīwù) Danish: stimulans (da) c Dutch: prikkel (nl) m, stimulus (nl) m, stimulans (nl) m, incentief (nl) n Esperanto: (please verify) sprono, (please verify) ekilo Finnish: vaikute (fi), kannuste (fi), kiihoke (fi), ärsyke (fi), heräte (fi); stimulus (fi) (scientific) French: stimulus (fr) m Galician: estímulo (gl) m German: Auslöseimpuls m Greek: ερέθισμα (el) n (eréthisma) Italian: stimolo (it) Japanese: 刺激 (ja) (しげき, shigeki) Latin: stimulus m Persian: مُحَرِّک (fa) Polish: bodziec (pl) m Portuguese: estímulo (pt) m Romanian: stimul (ro) m Russian: сти́мул (ru) m (stímul), побуди́тель (ru) m (pobudítelʹ), стимуля́тор (ru) m (stimuljátor) Spanish: estímulo (es) m, apetite m

something external that elicits or influences a physiological or psychological activity or response

Armenian: ազդակ (hy) (azdak) Bulgarian: стимул (bg) m (stimul) Catalan: estímul (ca) m Czech: podnět (cs) m Danish: stimulans (da) c Dutch: prikkel (nl) m, stimulus (nl) m, stimulans (nl) m, incentief (nl) n Finnish: ärsyke (fi), stimulus (fi) (scientific) German: Stimulus (de) m Greek: ερέθισμα (el) n (eréthisma) Hungarian: inger (hu) Polish: bodziec (pl) m Portuguese: estímulo (pt) m Romanian: stimul (ro) m Russian: сти́мул (ru) m (stímul) Spanish: estímulo (es) m, apetite m Tagalog: ganyak

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Dutch: (please verify) stimulans (nl) m, (please verify) stimulus (nl) Greek: Ancient: κέντρον n (kéntron) Latin: stimulus m, calcar n Irish: (please verify) spreagadh m

Danish

Danish Wikipedia has an article on:

stimulus

Wikipedia ^da

Etymology

From Latin stimulus.

Noun

stimulus c (singular definite stimulussen, plural indefinite stimuli)

1. a stimulus
   1. incentive, encouragement

Declension

Declension of stimulus

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	stimulus	stimulussen	stimuli	stimuliene
genitive	stimulus'	stimulussens	stimulis	stimulienes

Related terms

• stimulere

Further reading

• “stimulus” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin stimulus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsti.my.lʏs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: sti‧mu‧lus

Noun

stimulus m (plural stimuli, diminutive stimulusje n)

1. stimulus

Related terms

• stimulans
• stimulatie
• stimuleren

Esperanto

Verb

stimulus

1. conditional of stimuli

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin stimulus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sti.my.lys/

• Audio (Paris):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

Noun

stimulus m (plural stimulus or stimuli)

1. stimulus

Further reading

• “stimulus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch stimulus, from Latin stimulus (“goad, prick”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [stiˈmulʊs], [sə̆tiˈmulʊs]
• Hyphenation: sti‧mu‧lus

Noun

stimulus (plural stimulus-stimulus)

1. stimulus

   Synonym: perangsang

Derived terms

• menstimulus
• terstimulus

Further reading

• “stimulus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.