suffero

See also:tollo, which has the same perfect and supine forms.

Latin

Alternative forms

• subferō

Etymology

From sub- +‎ ferō (“carry, bear”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsuf.fe.roː/, [ˈs̠ʊfːɛroː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsuf.fe.ro/, [ˈsufːero]

Verb

sufferō (present infinitive sufferre, perfect active sustulī, supine sublātum); third conjugation, irregular

1. to put or lay under

   Synonyms: suggerō, summittō, subiciō, suppōnō

2. to bear or carry under
3. to offer, proffer

   Synonyms: offerō, expōnō, praebeō, obiciō, afferō, prōpōnō, prōferō, porrigō, polliceor, dōnō, condōnō, largior, moveō

4. to hold up, bear, support, sustain

   Synonyms: teneō, subsistō, sustentō, sustineō

5. to bear, endure, suffer, undergo

   Synonyms: tolerō, sino, patior, accipio, recipio, subeo, perpetior, admitto, sustineo, dūrō, perfero, ferō

   • 69 BCE, Cicero, Pro Caecina 30.98:

     Aut suā voluntāte aut lēgis multā profectī sunt; quam multam sī sufferre voluissent, manēre in cīvitāte potuissent.

     They have gone either of their own accord, or in consequence of some penalty inflicted by the law; though if they had been willing to submit to the penalty, they might have remained in the city.

Conjugation

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	sufferō	suffers	suffert	sufferimus	suffertis	sufferunt
	imperfect	sufferēbam	sufferēbās	sufferēbat	sufferēbāmus	sufferēbātis	sufferēbant
	future	sufferam	sufferēs	sufferet	sufferēmus	sufferētis	sufferent
	perfect	sustulī	sustulistī	sustulit	sustulimus	sustulistis	sustulērunt, sustulēre
	pluperfect	sustuleram	sustulerās	sustulerat	sustulerāmus	sustulerātis	sustulerant
	future perfect	sustulerō	sustuleris	sustulerit	sustulerimus	sustuleritis	sustulerint
passive	present	sufferor	sufferris, sufferre	suffertur	sufferimur	sufferiminī	sufferuntur
	imperfect	sufferēbar	sufferēbāris, sufferēbāre	sufferēbātur	sufferēbāmur	sufferēbāminī	sufferēbantur
	future	sufferar	sufferēris, sufferēre	sufferētur	sufferēmur	sufferēminī	sufferentur
	perfect	sublātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	sublātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	sublātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	sufferam	sufferās	sufferat	sufferāmus	sufferātis	sufferant
	imperfect	sufferrem	sufferrēs	sufferret	sufferrēmus	sufferrētis	sufferrent
	perfect	sustulerim	sustulerīs	sustulerit	sustulerīmus	sustulerītis	sustulerint
	pluperfect	sustulissem	sustulissēs	sustulisset	sustulissēmus	sustulissētis	sustulissent
passive	present	sufferar	sufferāris, sufferāre	sufferātur	sufferāmur	sufferāminī	sufferantur
	imperfect	sufferrer	sufferrēris, sufferrēre	sufferrētur	sufferrēmur	sufferrēminī	sufferrentur
	perfect	sublātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	sublātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	suffer	—	—	sufferte	—
	future	—	suffertō	suffertō	—	suffertōte	sufferuntō
passive	present	—	sufferre	—	—	sufferiminī	—
	future	—	suffertor	suffertor	—	—	sufferuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		sufferre	sustulisse	sublātūrum esse	sufferrī	sublātum esse	sublātum īrī
participles		sufferēns	—	sublātūrus	—	sublātus	sufferendus, sufferundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		sufferendī	sufferendō	sufferendum	sufferendō	sublātum	sublātū

   Conjugation of sufferō (third conjugation, irregular, suppletive)

Derived terms

• sufferēns
• sufferentia

Related terms

• adferō, afferō
• auferō
• circumferō
• cōnferō
• dēferō
• differō
• efferō
• ferō
• īnferō
• interferō
• intrōferō
• offerō
• perferō
• postferō
• praeferō
• praeterferor
• prōferō
• referō
• trānsferō

Descendants

• Old Catalan: soferre
• Old Franco-Provençal: sofer
• Old French: soferre
• Old Occitan: soferre

Reflexes of an assumed variant *sufferere:

• Old Galician-Portuguese: soffrer, sofrer
  • Portuguese: sofrer
• Old Leonese: sofrer
• Old Lombard: sofrer

Reflexes of an assumed variant *sufferīre:

• Balkan Romance:
  • Romanian: suferi
  • → Albanian: shufrenj, shfrej
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: soffrire
  • Sicilian: suffriri
• Padanian:
  • Friulian: sufrî
  • Piedmontese: sufrì
  • Romansch: sofrir
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: sofrir
  • Old French: sofrir, suffrir, susfrir
    • French: souffrir
    • → Middle English: suffren
      • English: suffer
  • Old Occitan: sofrir, suffrir, sufrir
    • Occitan: sofrir
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: sufrir
  • Galician: sufrir
  • Old Spanish: sofrir, sufrir
    • Spanish: sufrir
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: sufrire, sufriri, sunfrire, sunfriri

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “sufferre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 12: Sk–š, page 403

Further reading

• “suffero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “suffero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• suffero in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.