surma

See also: Surma

English

Noun

surma (uncountable)

1. Alternative form of soorma.

Anagrams

• Masur, Sarum, Umars, amurs, arums, musar, ramus, rusma

Estonian

Noun

surma

1. genitive singular of surm
2. partitive singular of surm
3. illative singular of surm

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *surma, from Proto-Uralic *śurma. Equivalent to surra +‎ -ma (although the original meaning of surra is not found in Finnish). Cognates include Estonian surm, Karelian šurma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsurmɑ/, [ˈs̠urmɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -urmɑ
• Syllabification^(key): sur‧ma
• Hyphenation^(key): sur‧ma

Noun

surma

1. violent or accidental death (mainly used of humans)

   He saivat surmansa

   They got killed.

   (literally, “They got their deaths.”)

2. (law) killing, voluntary manslaughter under mitigating circumstances
3. (idiomatic) the personification of sudden death

   Hän joutui surman suuhun.

   He got killed.

   (literally, “He got into the mouth of death.”)

Usage notes

• (law): "killing" is the unofficial translation of Finnish penal code used by the Ministry of Justice of Finland. See usage notes under tappo.

Declension

Inflection of surma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		surma	surmat
genitive		surman	surmien
partitive		surmaa	surmia
illative		surmaan	surmiin
		singular	plural
nominative		surma	surmat
accusative	nom.	surma	surmat
	gen.	surman
genitive		surman	surmien surmain rare
partitive		surmaa	surmia
inessive		surmassa	surmissa
elative		surmasta	surmista
illative		surmaan	surmiin
adessive		surmalla	surmilla
ablative		surmalta	surmilta
allative		surmalle	surmille
essive		surmana	surmina
translative		surmaksi	surmiksi
abessive		surmatta	surmitta
instructive		—	surmin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of surma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative surmani surmani accusative nom. surmani surmani gen. surmani genitive surmani surmieni surmaini rare partitive surmaani surmiani inessive surmassani surmissani elative surmastani surmistani illative surmaani surmiini adessive surmallani surmillani ablative surmaltani surmiltani allative surmalleni surmilleni essive surmanani surminani translative surmakseni surmikseni abessive surmattani surmittani instructive — — comitative — surmineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative surmasi surmasi accusative nom. surmasi surmasi gen. surmasi genitive surmasi surmiesi surmaisi rare partitive surmaasi surmiasi inessive surmassasi surmissasi elative surmastasi surmistasi illative surmaasi surmiisi adessive surmallasi surmillasi ablative surmaltasi surmiltasi allative surmallesi surmillesi essive surmanasi surminasi translative surmaksesi surmiksesi abessive surmattasi surmittasi instructive — — comitative — surminesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative surmamme surmamme accusative nom. surmamme surmamme gen. surmamme genitive surmamme surmiemme surmaimme rare partitive surmaamme surmiamme inessive surmassamme surmissamme elative surmastamme surmistamme illative surmaamme surmiimme adessive surmallamme surmillamme ablative surmaltamme surmiltamme allative surmallemme surmillemme essive surmanamme surminamme translative surmaksemme surmiksemme abessive surmattamme surmittamme instructive — — comitative — surminemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative surmanne surmanne accusative nom. surmanne surmanne gen. surmanne genitive surmanne surmienne surmainne rare partitive surmaanne surmianne inessive surmassanne surmissanne elative surmastanne surmistanne illative surmaanne surmiinne adessive surmallanne surmillanne ablative surmaltanne surmiltanne allative surmallenne surmillenne essive surmananne surminanne translative surmaksenne surmiksenne abessive surmattanne surmittanne instructive — — comitative — surminenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative surmansa surmansa accusative nom. surmansa surmansa gen. surmansa genitive surmansa surmiensa surmainsa rare partitive surmaansa surmiaan surmiansa inessive surmassaan surmassansa surmissaan surmissansa elative surmastaan surmastansa surmistaan surmistansa illative surmaansa surmiinsa adessive surmallaan surmallansa surmillaan surmillansa ablative surmaltaan surmaltansa surmiltaan surmiltansa allative surmalleen surmallensa surmilleen surmillensa essive surmanaan surmanansa surminaan surminansa translative surmakseen surmaksensa surmikseen surmiksensa abessive surmattaan surmattansa surmittaan surmittansa instructive — — comitative — surmineen surminensa

Synonyms

• (voluntary manslaughter): tappo (common language)

Derived terms

nouns

• surmakka

verbs

• surmata

compounds

• joukkosurma
• lapsensurma
• perhesurma
• salasurma
• surma-ase
• surmanajaja
• surmanajo
• surmanenkeli
• surmanhyppy
• surmanisku
• surmanloukku
• surmanluoti
• surmansilmukka
• surmatyö
• velisurma

idioms

• saada surmansa
• suurin surminkaan

See also

• henkirikos
• kuolemantuottamus
• murha
• tappo

Further reading

• “surma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

Anagrams

• Urmas, marsu

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *surma. Cognates include Finnish surma and Estonian surm.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsurmɑ/, [ˈs̠urm]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsurmɑ/, [ˈʃurmɑ]
• Rhymes: -urm, -urmɑ
• Hyphenation: sur‧ma

Noun

surma

1. death

Declension

Declension of surma (type 3/koira, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	surma	surmat
genitive	surman	surmiin
partitive	surmaa	surmia
illative	surmaa	surmii
inessive	surmaas	surmiis
elative	surmast	surmist
allative	surmalle	surmille
adessive	surmaal	surmiil
ablative	surmalt	surmilt
translative	surmaks	surmiks
essive	surmanna, surmaan	surminna, surmiin
exessive1)	surmant	surmint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

• koolema

Derived terms

• epäsurma
• surmata

See also

• koolla (“to die”)

References

• Fedor Tumansky (1790), “сурума”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 699
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 551