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ten

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ten"
Languages (37)
Translingual • English
Ahtna • Atong (India) • Bislama • Catalan • Cornish • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Galician • Japanese • Kabuverdianu • Karaim • Kashubian • Lithuanian • Lower Sorbian • Lower Tanana • Middle Dutch • Middle English • Northern Kurdish • Old Czech • Old English • Old Polish • Old Tupi • Pipil • Polish • Romanian • Scots • Slovak • Spanish • Sranan Tongo • Sumerian • Swedish • Tiang • Tok Pisin • Turkish
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Translingual

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English ten.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

ten

  1. (international standards) NATO, ICAO, ITU & IMO radiotelephony code for 10, used only with o'clock to indicate direction.

Etymology 2

Symbol

ten

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Tama (Colombia).

English

English numbers (edit)
100
 ←  1  ←  9 10 11  →  20  → 
1
    Cardinal: ten
    Ordinal: tenth
    Abbreviated ordinal: 10th
    Latinate ordinal: denary
    Adverbial: ten times
    Multiplier: tenfold
    Latinate multiplier: decuple
    Germanic collective: tensome
    Collective of n parts: decuplet
    Greek or Latinate collective: decad, decade
    Metric collective prefix: deca-
    Greek collective prefix: deca-
    Latinate collective prefix: deca-
    Fractional: tenth
    Metric fractional prefix: deci-
    Elemental: decuplet
    Number of musicians: decet
    Number of years: decade, decennium
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Etymology

More information PIE word ...

From Middle English ten, tene, from Old English tīen, from Proto-West Germanic *tehun, from Proto-Germanic *tehun, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥. Cognate with Scots ten, tene (“ten”), West Frisian tsien (“ten”), Saterland Frisian tjoon (“ten”), North Frisian tiin (“ten”). See also teen.

Pronunciation

Numeral

ten

  2. The number occurring after nine and before eleven, represented in Arabic numerals (base ten) as 10 and in Roman numerals as X.
    • 1905, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], “The Sayings of Slid (whose Soul is by the Sea)”, in The Gods of Pegāna, London: [Charles] Elkin Mathews, […], →OCLC, page 15:
      There is a melody upon the Earth as though ten thousand streams all sang together for their homes that they had forsaken in the hills.
    • (Can we date this quote?), “What is a Ten Frame and why is it a useful tool for developing early number relationships and fact fluency?”, in Rhodes University‎, page 1:
      A ten frame is a simple graphic tool that allows people to “see” numbers.

Translations

See ten/translations § Numeral.

Noun

ten (countable and uncountable, plural tens)

  1. A set or group with ten elements.
    We divided the chocolates into tens to hand out to Hallowe'en visitors.
    • 1958 May, Carolyn J. Ingham, Joseph N. Payne, “An eighth-grade unit on number systems”, in The Mathematics Teacher, volume 51, number 5, page 392:
      They can readily state the number of tens in a hundred. But somehow they do not have a full appreciation of the "tenness" of our system and how the system is structured.
    • (Can we date this quote?), “What is a Ten Frame and why is it a useful tool for developing early number relationships and fact fluency?”, in Rhodes University‎, page 1:
      Understanding that numbers are composed of tens and ones is an important foundational concept, setting the stage for work with larger numbers.
  2. (in the plural) An inexact quantity, typically understood to be between 20 and 100.
    Our houses are tens of meters apart, so we don't have to worry about noise from our neighbours.
    tens of thousands of voters
    • 2024 September 27, Katie Hunt, “Scientists discover hidden ancient forest on treeless island”, in CNN‎:
      No trees have grown on the windswept Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean for tens of thousands of years — just shrubs and other low-lying vegetation. That’s why a recent arboreal discovery nearly 20 feet (6 meters) beneath the ground caught researchers’ attention.
  3. (countable, card games) A card in a given suit with a value of ten.
  4. (countable) A denomination of currency, such as a banknote, with a value of ten units.
    Synonym: tenner
    Can you give me two tens for this twenty?
  5. (countable, US, slang) A perfect specimen, (particularly) a physically attractive person.
    Synonym: dime piece
    • 2006 May 9, Penn Jillette, Michael Goudeau, quoting Chris, 22:22 from the start, in Penn Radio‎:
      I was in the Woodley Park–Zoo in D.C. and mom and sister were waiting to see the pandas, so me and my pops broke away to check out the monkey house. Well, there was a beautiful teacher, I mean we're talking a ten, she was blond, had a low-cut dress on, just gorgeous. And she has about eight or nine students and she's pointing out all the different monkeys. And me and my dad noticed this huge orangutan kind of fiddling with himself. And on close [censored] And we kept checking it out and he was looking directly at the teacher. Well, a couple minutes passed by [censored] he proceeds to [censored] that's when the teacher noticed and, you know, took the kids away very hurriedly. But I looked at my dad and said, you know, they're so much like us.
    • 2023 September 11, Danielle Cohen, “Why Am I Attracted to My Coworker? Meet ‘The Office Ten’”, in New York Magazine‎:
      An Office Ten is a person who falls somewhere between average to mildly good-looking in the world at large but skyrockets to wildly attractive within the confines of an open-concept desk plan.
  6. (countable, US, slang) A high level of intensity.
  7. (countable, rowing) The act of rowing ten strokes flat out.
    • 1911, The Cambridge Review, volume 32, page 486:
      At the 1,000-metres post we gave a ten, which raised our lead to 1⅔ lengths; the Belgians were rowing hard, but one felt that they still had plenty of spurting power.
    • 1982, Stanley French, Aspects of Downing history, page 105:
      Morris gave a ten, and an unbelievable surge ran through the boat, one that I had never felt before.

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Terms derived from the numeral or noun ten

Translations

More information A user suggests that this English entry be cleaned up. ...
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked‌: "the number following nine"

See also

Playing cards in English · playing cards (layout · text)
ace deuce, two three, trey four, cater five, cinque six seven
eight nine ten jack, knave queen king joker

Anagrams

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Ahtna

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *tən (“ice, frost”). Cognate with Navajo tin.

Noun

ten

  1. ice

References

  • Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN

Atong (India)

Etymology

From English ten.

Pronunciation

Numeral

ten (Bengali script তেন)

  1. ten

Synonyms

References

Bislama

Bislama cardinal numbers
 <  9 10 11  > 
    Cardinal : ten

Etymology

From English ten.

Numeral

ten

  1. ten

Catalan

Pronunciation

Verb

ten

  1. second-person singular imperative of tenir
  2. second-person singular imperative of tindre

Usage notes

Generally, the imperative form ten is a contextual form of té used when clitic pronouns (e.g., te) are attached to the end of the verb.

Cornish

Noun

ten

  1. hard mutation of den
  2. mixed mutation of den

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech ten, from Proto-Slavic *tъ.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ten

  1. the, this, that

Declension

More information singular, masculine ...

Derived terms

Further reading

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Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse teinn (“stick”).

Noun

ten

  1. a spindle; a rod or stick used together with a distaff to spin yarn
  2. in a spinning wheel or similar machine: the reel on which the finished yarn is spooled

Declension

More information common gender, singular ...

Derived terms

Further reading

Dutch

Etymology

A contraction of te + den. Compare German zum.

Pronunciation

Contraction

ten

  1. to the, at the (followed by a masculine or neuter word)
    ten goede of ten kwade ― for better or for worse
    ten dele ― partly
    ten tijde van ― during the time of

Usage notes

ten is part of many fossilized idiomatic expressions. Being derived in part from te, it is followed by the (similarly fossilized) dative case.
ten is commonly used in Dutch family names such as Corrie ten Boom, Bernhard ten Brink, Marti ten Kate, and Simeon ten Holt.

Derived terms

Anagrams

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Galician

Alternative forms

  • tem (Reintegrationist)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtɛŋ/ [ˈt̪ɛŋ]
  • Rhymes: -ɛŋ
  • Hyphenation: ten

Verb

ten

  1. has; third-person singular present indicative of ter
    A cervexa ten en Galicia unha longa historia.
    Beer has a long history in Galicia.
  2. inflection of ter:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

References

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Japanese

Romanization

ten

  1. Rōmaji transcription of てん
  2. Rōmaji transcription of テン

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese ter.

Verb

ten

  1. to have
  2. to possess

Karaim

Etymology

From Ultimately from Middle Chinese 等 (MC tojX|tongX, “to equate”).

Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (teŋ, “equal, equivalent, appropriate”); Crimean Tatar teñ, Karachay-Balkar тенг (teñ), Kumyk тенг (teñ), Urum тэнг (teŋ), Kazakh тең (teñ, “equal”), Southern Altai теҥ (teŋ, “equal”) Uzbek teng (“equal”), Turkish denk (“equal, equivalent”), Shor тең, Yakut тэҥ (teŋ, “equal”).

Adjective

ten

  1. equal

References

  • N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “ten”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Kashubian

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *só
Proto-Balto-Slavic *tas
Proto-Slavic *tъ
Kashubian ten

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈtɛn/
    • Rhymes: -ɛn
    • Syllabification: ten

    Pronoun

    ten

    1. this (nearby)

    Further reading

    • Stefan Ramułt (1893), “ten”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 213
    • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “ten”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
    • “ten”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

    Lithuanian

    Adverb

    ten

    1. there

    Lower Sorbian

    Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ.

    Pronunciation

    Determiner

    ten (feminine ta, neuter to, dual tej, plural te)

    1. this

    Declension

    Declension of ten
    More information Masculine singular, Feminine singular ...

    Lower Tanana

    Etymology 1

    From Proto-Athabaskan *tən (“ice”), whence also tenh. Cognate with Ahtna ten.

    Root

    ten

    1. to freeze
    Stem set
    More information Aspect, Imperfective ...
    Derived terms
    • benenh noxwdetiyi (“March”)
    • ch'etenh (“frozen object”)
    • deteni (“large pike”)
    • denegholtiɬ (“it is freezing (d-gender)”)
    • ghedetenh (“it is freezing (gh-gender)”)
    • negholtiɬ (“it is freezing (∅-gender)”)
    • tdathdetenh (“it (e.g. a lake) is starting to freeze”)
    • noxuthdetenh (“crusted snow”)
    • xuthdetenh (“an area is frozen”)

    References

    • Kari, James et al. (2024), Kari, James, editor, Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, pages 347-348

    Etymology 2

    From Proto-Athabaskan *təŋ.

    Root

    ten

    1. to be asleep
    Stem set
    More information Aspect, Imperfective ...
    Derived terms
    • beɬneltenh (“he/she is asleep”)

    References

    • Kari, James et al. (2024), Kari, James, editor, Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 348

    Etymology 3

    From Proto-Athabaskan *təm. Cognate with Ahtna łteni, nełteni (“thunder, grasshopper”).

    Root

    ten

    1. to thunder
    Stem set
    More information Aspect, Imperfective ...
    Derived terms
    • nexwɬtenh (“thunder strikes, a thunderstorm moves”)
    • neɬteni (“thunder”)
    • neɬteni ch'ejega' (“silverberry”)
    • neɬteni dhedli' (“rainbow”)
    • neɬteni nagha' (“silverberry”)

    References

    • Kari, James et al. (2024), Kari, James, editor, Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, pages 348-349

    Middle Dutch

    Contraction

    ten

    1. contraction of te +‎ den

    Middle English

    Middle English numbers (edit)
    100
    [a], [b] ←  1  ←  9 10 11  →  20  → 
    1[a], [b]
        Cardinal: ten
        Ordinal: tenthe, tithe

    Etymology 1

    From Old English tīen.

    Alternative forms

    Pronunciation

    Numeral

    ten

    1. ten
    Descendants
    • English: ten
    • Scots: ten
    • Yola: dhen
    References

    Etymology 2

      From Old English tēon, from Proto-West Germanic *teuhan (“to pull, lead”), from Proto-Germanic *teuhaną (“to draw, lead, bring, pull, help”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to pull, lead”).

      Alternative forms

      Verb

      ten (third-person singular simple present teth, present participle teende, teynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative tegh, past participle towen)

      1. (transitive) To draw; lead.
      2. (intransitive) To draw away; go; proceed.
      Conjugation
      More information infinitive, present tense ...

      1 Later replaced by the 1st-/3rd-person singular or teghest.
      2 Later replaced by the indicative.
      3 Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

      Derived terms

      Etymology 3

      From Old Norse tennr, nominative indefinite plural of tǫnn (“tooth”).

      Noun

      ten

      1. plural of toth

      Northern Kurdish

      Etymology

      From Arabic طَعْن (ṭaʕn, “piercing, attack, criticism”).

      Pronunciation

      Noun

      ten m or f

      1. scolding, reproach, censure, blame, criticism, mockery, ridicule
      2. threat

      References

      • Chyet, Michael L. (2003), “ten”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary‎, with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 604

      Old Czech

      Alternative forms

      Etymology

      Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ.

      Pronunciation

      Pronoun

      ten

      1. this (nearby)

      Declension

      More information singular, masculine ...

      Derived terms

      Descendants

      See also

      References

      Old English

      Alternative forms

      Etymology

      See tīen.

      Pronunciation

      Numeral

      tēn

      1. (Mercian) ten

      References

      • A. L. Mayhew, M. A. Synopsis of Old English Phonology, 123

      Old Polish

      Alternative forms

      Etymology

      Etymology tree
      Proto-Indo-European *só
      Proto-Balto-Slavic *tas
      Proto-Slavic *tъ
      Old Polish ten

        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ. First attested in the 14th century.

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /tɛn/
        • IPA(key): (15th CE) /tɛn/

        Pronoun

        ten

        1. this (nearby)

        Declension

        This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

        Descendants

        References

        • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “ten”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

        Old Tupi

        Pipil

        Polish

        Romanian

        Scots

        Slovak

        Spanish

        Sranan Tongo

        Sumerian

        Swedish

        Tiang

        Tok Pisin

        Turkish

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