zmꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (verb): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /zaˈmaʀ/ → /saˈmaʀ/ → /səˈmaʔ/ → /səˈmaʔ/

• (verb): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /zaˈmaʀ/
• (verb): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /saˈmaʀ/
• (verb): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /səˈmaʔ/
• (verb): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /səˈmaʔ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /zɛmɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: zema

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to join, to come together
2. (transitive) to join, to put together

Inflection

Conjugation of zmꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: zmꜣ, geminated stem: zmꜣꜣ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural zmꜣ zmꜣw, zmꜣ zmꜣt zmꜣ zmꜣ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 zmꜣ ḥr zmꜣ m zmꜣ r zmꜣ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect zmꜣ.n zmꜣw, zmꜣ consecutive zmꜣ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative zmꜣt perfective3 zmꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 zmꜣ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective zmꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 zmꜣ zmꜣꜣ potentialis1 zmꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive zmꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect zmꜣ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective zmꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 zmꜣ zmꜣ, zmꜣw5, zmꜣy5 imperfective zmꜣ, zmꜣy, zmꜣw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 zmꜣ, zmꜣj6, zmꜣy6 zmꜣ, zmꜣw5 prospective zmꜣ, zmꜣtj7 — zmꜣtj4, zmꜣt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of zmꜣ  

zmꜣ

Derived terms

• zmꜣyt
• zmꜣ tꜣ
• ḥr-zmꜣ-tꜣwj

Noun

 m

1. lung

Inflection

Declension of zmꜣ (masculine)

singular	zmꜣ
dual	zmꜣwj
plural	zmꜣw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of zmꜣ  

zmꜣ

[18th Dynasty]

in hieratic

References

• Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1929), Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 445.15–447.13
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962), A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 226
• James P[eter] Allen (2010), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 296.