The California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (CalIT2, previously Calit2, Cal(IT)2), also referred to as the Qualcomm Institute (QI) at its San Diego branch, is a collaborative academic research institution of the University of California San Diego (UC San Diego), the University of California, Irvine (UCI), and University of California, Riverside. CalIT2 was established in 2000 as one of the four UC Gray Davis Institutes for Science and Innovation. As a multidisciplinary research institution, it is conducting research and educational programming in emerging technologies to improve the state's economy and citizens' quality of life, while addressing large-scale societal issues. CalIT2 also develops and deploys prototype infrastructure for testing new solutions in real-world environments.