همخوانها |
آوا |
پینیین |
وید-جایلز |
بوپوموفو |
مثال چینی |
مثال دیگر |
p |
b |
p |
ㄅ |
幫 (帮) |
پرده |
pʰ |
p |
p' |
ㄆ |
滂 |
pan |
m |
m |
ㄇ |
明 |
مخزن |
f |
f |
ㄈ |
非 |
فرسوده |
t |
d |
t |
ㄉ |
端 |
تهران |
tʰ |
t |
t' |
ㄊ |
透 |
top |
n |
n- |
ㄋ |
泥 |
نای |
-n |
ㄣ, ㄢ |
金, 尖 |
l |
l |
ㄌ |
來 (来) |
لوث |
k |
g |
k |
ㄍ |
干 |
کرمانشاه |
kʰ |
k |
k' |
ㄎ |
口 |
kin |
ŋ |
-ng |
ㄥ, ㄤ |
井, 江 |
song |
x |
h |
ㄏ |
火 |
خواهش |
tɕ |
j |
ch |
ㄐ |
叫 |
like itchy, pronounced further forward toward the teeth (palatalized).[persian-alpha 1] |
tɕʰ |
q |
ch' |
ㄑ |
去 |
like cheap, pronounced more forward, toward the teeth (palatalized).[persian-alpha 1] |
ɕ |
x |
hs |
ㄒ |
曉 (晓) |
like sheep, pronounced more forward, toward the teeth (palatalized).[persian-alpha 1] |
ʈʂ |
zh |
ch |
ㄓ |
之 |
roughly like jaw, with a flat tongue (retroflex). |
ʈʂʰ |
ch |
ch' |
ㄔ |
吃 |
like church, with a flat tongue (retroflex). |
ʂ |
sh |
ㄕ |
矢 |
like show, with a flat tongue (retroflex). |
ɻ[persian-alpha 2] |
r- |
j |
ㄖ |
日 |
like red, with a flat tongue (retroflex). |
ts |
z |
ts |
ㄗ |
子 |
roughly like buds |
tsʰ |
c |
ts' |
ㄘ |
此 |
انگلیسی:cats hissing |
s |
s |
ㄙ |
私 |
سرد |
نیمواکهها |
j |
y-/-i- |
ㄧ |
牙 |
یاد |
w |
w-/-u- |
ㄨ |
我 |
فردوسی |
ɥ |
yu-/-ü-[persian-alpha 3] |
yü-/-ü- |
ㄩ |
月 |
فرانسوی: nuit |
همخوانهای هجایی |
ɻ̩ |
zhi, chi, shi, ri |
ih |
ㄭ[persian-alpha 4] |
之, 吃, 師 (师), 日 |
تقریباً شبیه glasses[persian-alpha 5] |
ɹ̩ |
zi, ci, si |
û |
子, 次, 私 |
|
واکهها |
آوا |
پینیین |
وید-جایلز |
بوپوموفو |
مثال چینی |
مثال دیگر |
a |
a |
ㄚ, ㄢ, ㄤ |
阿, 安, 盎 |
father |
er |
êrh |
ㄦ |
二 |
ɛ |
yan/-ian |
yen/-ien |
ㄧㄢ |
言 |
Varies between [e] and [a] |
yuan/-üan |
ㄩㄢ |
元 |
e |
ye/-ie, yue/-üe |
eh |
ㄝ |
也, 月 |
خانه |
ə |
en,[persian-alpha 6] eng |
ên, êng |
ㄣ, ㄥ |
本, 冷 |
about |
ɤ |
e |
ê / o[persian-alpha 7] |
ㄜ |
厄 |
o |
wo/-uo[persian-alpha 8] |
o[persian-alpha 9] |
ㄛ |
末 |
تو |
i |
yi/-i |
ㄧ |
一 |
پاییز |
ʊ |
-ong |
-ung |
ㄨㄥ, ㄩㄥ |
冬, 用 |
Varies between [o] and [u] |
u |
wu/-u |
ㄨ |
土 |
خوی |
y |
yu/-ü[persian-alpha 3] |
yü/-ü |
ㄩ |
雨 |
آلمانی: ü؛ فرانسوی: tu |
واکههای مرکب |
ai |
ai |
ㄞ |
艾 |
time |
au |
ao |
ㄠ |
凹 |
out |
ei |
ei[persian-alpha 6] |
ㄟ |
杯 |
face |
ou |
ou[persian-alpha 6] |
ㄡ |
歐 (欧) |
show |
واکه ر-گونه |
ɚ |
er |
êrh |
ㄦ |
二 |
sir (انگلیسی آمریکایی)[persian-alpha 10] |
تُنها |
آوا |
پینیین |
وید-جایلز |
بوپوموفو |
مثال چینی |
شماره تُن |
توضیح |
á |
ā |
a1 |
ㄚ |
巴 |
55 |
tone 1: high: ˥ |
ǎ |
á |
a2 |
ㄚˊ |
拔 |
35 |
tone 2: mid rising: ˧˥ |
à |
ǎ |
a3 |
ㄚˇ |
把 |
21, 11, 13, 214 |
tone 3:
medially, low: ˩
initially, mid falling: ˧˩ finally, low rising: ˩˧
in isolation, dipping: ˧˩˧ |
â |
à |
a4 |
ㄚˋ |
爸 |
51 |
tone 4: high falling: ˥˩ |
a |
a |
a0 |
˙ㄚ |
吧 |
- |
"toneless":
low after the high falling tone ˥˩;
mid after other tones |
Note: Pinyin uses the same diacritics as IPA but with different values. |
|