BIOS
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A sarrafa kwamfuta, BIOS ( /b aɪ ɒ s, - oʊ s /, BY -oss, - ohss ; wani gajeren bayani ne na Basic Input / Output System wanda kuma aka fi sani da suna System BIOS, ROM BIOS ko PC BIOS ) ana amfani da firmware ne don aiwatar da farawar kayan masarufi yayin aiwatar da booting (farawa-kunnawa), da kuma samar da sabis na lokaci, don tsarin aiki da shirye-shirye. BIOS firmware ta kasance an riga an girka ta akan kwamiti na komputa na sirri, kuma shine software na farko da zata fara aiki yayin kunna ta. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga Asalin Input/Output System wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin tsarin aiki na CP/M a shekarar 1975. BIOS asalin mallakar IBM PC ne wasu kamfanoni suka sake kera shi (kamar su Phoenix Technologies ) suna neman ƙirƙirar tsarin da zai dace. A dubawa na cewa asalin tsarin hidima a matsayin zahiri shine misali.
BIOS | |
---|---|
de facto standard (en) da software | |
Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | computer firmware (en) da operating system (en) |
Amfani | booting (en) |
Facet of (en) | operating system (en) , booting (en) , personal computer (en) da smartphone (en) |
Wanda ya biyo bayanshi | Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (en) |
Ƙasa da aka fara | Tarayyar Amurka |
Mai ganowa ko mai ƙirƙira | Gary Kildall (en) |
Manufacturer (en) | American Megatrends (en) da Phoenix Technologies (en) |
Amfani wajen | CP/M (en) , Atari ST (en) da IBM PC compatible (en) |
BIOS a cikin PCs na zamani suna farawa da kuma gwada abubuwan haɗin kayan aikin, kuma suna loda mai ɗora kaya daga na'urar adana kayan aiki wanda zai fara tsarin aiki. A cikin zamanin DOS, BIOS ta bayar da BIOS ta katse kira don maɓallin keyboard, nuni, adanawa, da sauran kayan shigarwa / fitarwa (I / O) waɗanda ke daidaita daidaito ga shirye-shiryen aikace-aikace da tsarin aiki. Sabbin tsarin aiki na kwanan nan basa amfani da BIOS na katse kira bayan farawa.
Yawancin aikace-aikacen BIOS an tsara su musamman don aiki tare da takamaiman kwamfuta ko samfurin katako, ta hanyar hulɗa tare da na'urori daban-daban waɗanda suka dace da tsarin kwakwalwar kwamfuta . Asali, an adana firmware na BIOS a cikin guntu ta ROM akan uwar komputa. A cikin tsarin kwamfuta na zamani, ana adana abubuwan da ke cikin BIOS a kan ƙwaƙwalwar filasha don haka ana iya sake rubuta shi ba tare da cire guntu daga katunan ba. Wannan yana ba da sauƙi, sabunta-mai amfani ta ƙarshe ga BIOS firmware don haka za a iya ƙara sabbin abubuwa ko za a iya yin kwari, amma kuma yana haifar da yiwuwar kwamfutar ta kamu da tushen root na BIOS. Bugu da ƙari, haɓaka BIOS wanda ya kasa na iya yin bulo ga katako.
Hadadden Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) magaji ne ga tsohuwar PC BIOS, da nufin magance gazawar fasaha.