Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam
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Hakkokin dan'adam, kyawawan dabi'u ne ko hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa na yau da kullum.[1] Shi dan'adam na da wasu kafaffun dabi'u sannan kuma akan basu kariya ako da yaushe amatsayin hakkokin doka dana dabi'a a karkashin dokan kasa da na duniya.[2] Ana daukansu a matsayin hakkokin da ba'a iya tauye su,[3] tsararrun hakkoki "wanda kowanne mutum ke da haƙƙi akansu badan komai ba sai don ya kasance shi mutum ne dan'adam"[4] kuma "kowanne mutum yana da haƙƙi akansu",[5] ba tare da duba ga shekarun sa ba, kasar sa ta asali, wurin zama, harshe, addini, kabila, ko kuma kowane irin babbanci ba.[3] Ana iya wanzar da su a ko ina a kuma ko da yaushe a zaman hakki na duniya baki daya,[1] kuma sune rashin nuna bambanci akan cewa dukkannin mutane daya suke.[3] Ana ɗaukar su a matsayin tausayin juna da kuma dokoki na shari'a[6] da sanya wajabci akan kowane mutum da ya daraja wadannan Haƙƙoƙin na sauran mutane,[1][3] kuma amince gabaki daya akan ba za'a kore waɗannan hakkoki ba face idan akwai wasu dalilai na tsari.[7]
Hakkokin Yan-adam | |
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convention (en) da harkar zamantakewa | |
Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Haƙƙoƙi da convention (en) |
Bangare na | international law (en) |
Foundational text (en) | Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam |
Hashtag (en) | StandUp4HumanRights |
Babban tsarin rubutu | Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam |
Gudanarwan | Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam |
Personal library at (en) | University of Minnesota Libraries (en) |
WordLift URL (en) | http://data.thenextweb.com/tnw/entity/human_rights |
Koyarwar Haƙƙin dan-'adam yayi fice a tsakanin Ƙungiyoyin shari'a na kasa da kasa. Matakai da Jihohi da kuma Kungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba (NGOs) ne suka kafa tushen dokokin al'umma a duk fadin duniya. Ra'ayoyin Haƙƙin dan-adam sun ayyana cewa "idan kungiyoyin al'umma zasu zauna su tattauna akan matakan zaman lafiya ga al'ummomin duniya, to wannan za'a iya cewa ya zamo harshen kyawawan dabi'u na gama gari, wadannan su ne hakkokin dan-adam". Mayan hujjojin kare Haƙƙin dan-adam sun sabawa koyarwa da dama na addinai, kuma suna jayayya akan abubuwan da dokokin suka kunsa, tsarinta da kuma sharuddanta har zuwa yau. Anyi jayayya sosai akan asalin ma'anar kalmar hakki, kuma ya zamo darasi na jayayya wanda baya karewa,[8] a yayinda anyi amanna akan cewa hakkokin dan-adam sun ƙunshi Haƙƙoƙi da dama, kamar yancin shari'a na adalci, kare dan adam daga zama bawa, da kuma yancin fadar albarkacin baki,[9] da kuma hakkin samun ingantaccen Ilimi, akwai sabani akan wanne daga cikin wadannan hakkoki zai zamo daga cikin jigon hakkokin dan-adam;[1] wasu manazarta sun ayyana cewa ya kamata akalla hakkin dan-adam ya zamo ƙaramin doka don hana mummunan cin zarafi, a yayinda wasu kuma suke gani cewa shine kololuwar sharadi.[1][10] Har ila yau, anyi jayayya cewa hakkin dan-adam doka ne daga Ubangiji; duk da cewa anyi suka ga wannan ra'ayi sosai.[11]
Muhimman ra'ayoyin da suka janyo wannan kamfe na Haƙƙin dan-adam sun samo asali ne daga sakamakon barnar da akayi a yakin duniya na biyu, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a Holocaust. Wanda suka janyo zartar da Haƙƙoƙin dan-adam a duk fadin duniya, a Paris, wanda Majalisar Dokoki ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (United Nations General Assembly) ta gabatar a shekarar 1948.[12] Mutanen da, basu da irin wadannan dokoki na kare Haƙƙin dan-adam na zamani.[13] Asalin jigon hakkin dan-adam ya samo asali ne daga hakkokin asali wanda suke daga cikin Dokokin asali na tsakiyar zamani wanda sukayi fice a lokacin Ilimi na Turai tare da masana falsafa irinsu John Locke, Francis Hutcheson da kuma Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui da kuma tattaunawa a wajen taron na Juyin juya halin Amurka da kuma Juyin juya halin Faransa.[6] Daga wannan ne, hakkokin dan-adam na yau suka samo asali har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 20,[14] tana iya yiwuwa a dalilin bayi, azabtarwa, kisan kiyashi da kuma ta'addancin yaki,[6] don la'akari da abubuwan da suka shafi rauni na dan-adam, sannan kuma a matsayin mataki na tabbatar yiwuwar Adalci a tsakanin al'umma.[5] Fafutukar neman hakkin dan-adam ya ciga har farkon karni na 21, inda ya mayar da hankali akan kara samun 'yanci na kasuwanci da na siyasa.[5]