Kurt Gödel
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Kurt Friedrich Gödel (/ˈɡɜːrdəl/ GUR-dəl, German: [kʊʁt ˈɡøːdl̩] (Afrilu 28, 1906 -Janairu 14, 1978) masanin dabaru, mathematician, kuma masanin falsafa. An yi la'akari da shi tare da Aristotle da Gottlob Frege a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masana a tarihi, Gödel yana da tasiri mai yawa akan tunanin kimiyya da falsafa a karni na 20, lokacin da wasu irin su Bertrand Russell, Alfred North Whitehead, da David Hilbert suna amfani da dabaru da kafa ka'idar don bincika tushen ilimin lissafi, ginawa a kan aikin farko ta irin su Richard Dedekind, Georg Cantor da Frege.
Kurt Gödel | |
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Rayuwa | |
Cikakken suna | Kurt Friedrich Gödel |
Haihuwa | Brno (en) , 28 ga Afirilu, 1906 |
ƙasa |
Tarayyar Amurka Austriya Cisleithania (en) Czechoslovakia (en) |
Mazauni | Austriya |
Harshen uwa | Jamusanci |
Mutuwa | Princeton (en) , 14 ga Janairu, 1978 |
Makwanci | Princeton Cemetery (en) |
Yanayin mutuwa | Kisan kai (starvation (en) ) |
Ƴan uwa | |
Abokiyar zama | Adele Gödel (en) |
Karatu | |
Makaranta |
University of Vienna (en) (1923 - 1929) |
Thesis | ' |
Thesis director | Hans Hahn (en) |
Harsuna |
Jamusanci Turanci |
Malamai | Philipp Furtwängler (en) |
Sana'a | |
Sana'a | masanin lissafi, mai falsafa, university teacher (en) , computer scientist (en) , physicist (en) da scientist (en) |
Wurin aiki | Brno (en) |
Employers |
University of Vienna (en) (1930 - 1938) University of Notre Dame (en) (1938 - 1939) Princeton University (en) (1938 - 1939) Institute for Advanced Study (en) (1940 - 1978) |
Muhimman ayyuka |
Gödel's incompleteness theorems (en) Gödel's completeness theorem (en) Gödel numbering (en) Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory (en) Gödel metric (en) constructible universe (en) Gödel's ontological proof (en) Gödel's β function (en) Gödel-incomplete machine (en) Gödel's speed-up theorem (en) Gödel logic (en) Gödel's second incompleteness theorem (en) Godel's first incompleteness theorem (en) Gödel operation (en) |
Kyaututtuka |
gani
|
Mamba |
Royal Society (en) American Academy of Arts and Sciences (en) French Academy of Sciences (en) National Academy of Sciences (en) |
Imani | |
Addini | Kiristanci |
Gödel ya buga first incompleteness theorem a cikin shekarar 1931, lokacin yana ɗan shekara 25, shekara ɗaya bayan kammala karatun digirinsa a Jami'ar Vienna. Ka'idar rashin cikawa ta farko ta bayyana cewa ga kowane tsarin ω-daidaitacce recursive axiomatic tsarin iko wanda ya isa ya bayyana lissafin lissafin lambobi na halitta (misali Peano ilmin lissafi ), akwai shawarwari na gaskiya game da lambobi na halitta waɗanda ba za a iya tabbatar da su ba kuma ba za a iya warware su daga axioms ba. [1] Don tabbatar da hakan, Gödel ya ɓullo da wata dabara a yanzu da aka fi sani da lambar Gödel, wadda ke ƙididdige kalmomi na yau da kullun azaman lambobi. Ka'idar rashin cikawa ta biyu, wacce ta biyo baya daga farko, ta bayyana cewa tsarin ba zai iya tabbatar da daidaitonsa ba. [2]
Gödel ya kuma nuna cewa ba za a iya karyata ra'ayin axiom na zabi ko hasashen ci gaba ba daga ka'idar saiti na Zermelo-Fraenkel da aka yarda, yana zaton cewa axioms din sun daidaita. Sakamakon da ya gabata ya buɗe kofa ga masu ilimin lissafi su ɗauka axiom ɗin zaɓi a cikin hujjojinsu. Ya kuma ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga ka'idar hujja ta hanyar fayyace alaƙa tsakanin dabaru na gargajiya, dabaru na fahimta, da dabaru na modal.