Marsupiales

Marsupiales (Marsupialia) forma un del tres subdivisiones existente del mammiferos; le altere duo son monotremas e placentarios. Le marsupiales se distingue de altere mammiferos principalmente in que le progenitura, un "larva marsupial" multo pauc disveloppate, se displacia post parto ad mammelas ubi illo es generalmente portate e protegite in un marsupio (marsupial bursa) usque su maturitate.

Wikipedia:Uso de taxobox Marsupiales Rango fossile: Paleoceno - recente Forsan Cretaceo tardive
In senso horologic ab sinistre: Diprotodontia, Didelphimorphia, Peramelemorphia, Microbiotheria e Dasyuromorphia
Classification scientific
Regno: Animalia Phylo: Chordata Classe: Mammalia Subclasse: Theria (sin rango) Marsupialiformes
Infraclasse
Marsupialia Illiger, 1811
Present-day distribution of marsupials (blue; excludes introduced presence)
Subdivision
Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Australidelphia Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Yalkaparidontia †  ?Polydolopimorphia †

Marsupiales actual include opossumes, diablos de Tasmania, kangurus, koalas, wombates, wallabies e pandikokkus inter alteres; multe extincte species son cognoscite, como thylacino.

Circa 70% del 334 species actual vive in le Australian continente (includente Tasmania, Nove Guinea e insulas proxime). Alteres species vive in America: principalmente in Sud America, 13 in Central America e un, le opossum de Virginia, in Nord America e nord de Mexico.

Etymologia

Marsupial deriva del parola latin marsupium, del ancian grec μάρσιππος mársippos 'bursa', utilisate in anatomia pro describer lor ventral bursa.

Classification

Position phylogenetic del Marsupiales (in rosa) inter actual mammiferos.^[1]

Rango taxinomic

• infraclass
• cohorte

Supertaxones

• Metatheria

Subtaxones

• Order Didelphimorphia (93 species) – see list of didelphimorphs
  • Family Didelphidae: opossums
• Order Paucituberculata (7 species)
  • Family Caenolestidae: musaranea opossumes
• Superorder Australidelphia
  • Order Microbiotheria: monitos del monte
  • Order Yalkaparidontia † (incertae sedis)
  • Order Dasyuromorphia (73 species)
    • Family †Thylacinidae: thylacine
    • Family Dasyuridae: antechinuses, quolls, dunnarts, Tasmanian devil e relatives
    • Family Myrmecobiidae: numbat
  • Order Notoryctemorphia (2 species)
    • Family Notoryctidae: marsupial talpas
  • Order Peramelemorphia (27 species)
    • Family Thylacomyidae: bilbies
    • Family Chaeropodidae †
    • Family Peramelidae: pandikokkus e relatives
  • Order Diprotodontia (136 species)
    • Suborder Vombatiformes
      • Family Vombatidae: wombates
      • Family Phascolarctidae: koalas
      • Family Diprotodontidae †: giant wombats
      • Family Palorchestidae †: marsupial tapirs
      • Family Thylacoleonidae †: marsupial lions
    • Suborder Phalangeriformes:
      • Family Acrobatidae: feathertail glider e feather-tailed possum
      • Family Burramyidae: pygmeo possumes
      • Family Ektopodontidae †: sprite possumes
      • Family Petauridae: striped possum, Leadbeater's possum, yellow-bellied glider, sugar glider, mahogany glider, squirrel glider
      • Family Phalangeridae: brushtail possums e cuscuses
      • Family Pseudocheiridae: ringtailed possums e relatives
      • Family Tarsipedidae: honey possum
    • Suborder Macropodiformes:
      • Family Macropodidae: kangaroos, wallabies e relatives
      • Family Potoroidae: potoroos, ratto kangurus, bettonges
      • Family Hypsiprymnodontidae: ratto kangurus
      • Family Balbaridae †: basal quadrupede kangurus

Historia evolutive

Le ultime ancestre commun al insimile del mammiferos actual serea apparite 180 Ma retro. Illo poneva ovos. Therios, le pangruppo del marsupiales e placentarios haberea divergite 160 Ma retro^[2]. Depois, le corona gruppos del marsupiales et del placentarios (i.e. les clados Marsupiala e Placentalia, respectivemente) serea apparite verisimilemente durante le Cretaceo tardive, ante le extinction del dinosauros non-avee, ma lor expansion esseva multo importante postea, le placia essente libre.

Se pensa communmente que le modo de reproduction del marsupiales serea intermedie inter istos del monotremas e del placentarios. Es false: le duo modos de reproduction son simplemente differente. De plus, un studio de 2023 considera que le Marsupiales son morphologicamente plus distante que le placentarios de lor ancestre commun.^[2][3]

Referentias

1. "OrthoMaM v10: Scaling-up orthologous coding sequence and exon alignments with more than one hundred mammalian genomes" (April 2019). Molecular Biology and Evolution 36 (4): 861–862. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz015. PMID 30698751.
2. Les marsupiaux seraient les mammifères les plus évolués. Techno-Science.net (2023-05-30).
3. Heather E. White, Abigail S. Tucker, Vincent Fernandez, Roberto Portela Miguez, Lionel Hautier, Anthony Herrel, Daniel J. Urban, Karen E. Sears, Anjali Goswami (2023-04-28). "Pedomorphosis in the ancestry of marsupial mammals". Current Biology. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.009.

Nota

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