Bonus Army

Bonus Army adalah nama untuk sekelompok dari sekitar 43,000 pengunjuk rasa—17,000 veteran Perang Dunia I AS, keluarga mereka, dan kelompok yang berafiliasi—yang berkumpul di Washington, D.C. pada musim panas 1932 untuk meminta tebusan bayaran tunai dari sertifikat jasa mereka. Para penyelenggara menyebut para pengunjuk rasa tersebut dengan sebutan "Bonus Expeditionary Force", yang merujuk kepada plesetan nama dari American Expeditionary Forces pada Perang Dunia I, sementara media menyebut mereka "Bonus Army" atau "Bonus Marchers". Kelompok tersebut dipimpin oleh Walter W. Waters, seorang mantan sersan.

Konflik Bonus Army
Para pengunjuk rasa Bonus Army (kiri) bertikai dengan polisi.
Tanggal July 28, 1932 Lokasi Washington D.C., Amerika Serikat Hasil Bonus Army dibubarkan, tuntutan ditolak
Pihak terlibat
Bonus Army	U.S. Army
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Walter W. Waters	Herbert Hoover Douglas MacArthur George S. Patton
Kekuatan
17,000 veteran 26,000 lain-lain	500 infanteri 500 kavaleri 6 tank Renault FT 800 polisi
Korban
Hari pertama 2 tewas; 1,017 luka-luka; total tidak diketahui	Sekitar 69 polisi luka-luka

Catatan

Daftar pustaka

• Burner, David. (1979). Herbert Hoover: A Public Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-46134-7.
• Daniels, Roger. (1971). The Bonus March: An Episode of the Great Depression. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing. ISBN 0837151740
• Dickson, Paul, and Thomas B. Allen. (2004). The Bonus Army: An American Epic. New York: Walker and Company. ISBN 0-8027-1440-4.
• Dickson, Paul, and Thomas B. Allen. "Marching On History," in Smithsonian, February 2003
• James, D. Clayton. (1970). The Years of MacArthur, Volume I, 1880–1941. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 36211265
• Jenkins, Roy (2003). Franklin Delano Roosevelt. New York: Times Books. ISBN 9780805069594.
• Lisio, Donald J. (1974). The President and Protest: Hoover, Conspiracy, and the Bonus Riot. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 082620158X
• Smith, Richard Norton. (1984). An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-46034-X.
• Liebovich, Louis W. (1994). Bylines in Despair: Herbert Hoover, the Great Depression, and the U.S. News Media ISBN 0-275-94843-9
• Bennett, Michael J. (1999). When Dreams Come True: The GI Bill and the Making of Modern America ISBN 1-57488-218-X
• Perret, Geoffrey (1996). "MacArthur and the Marchers" in MHQ: the Quarterly Journal of Military History. Vol 8, No 2 American Historical Publication, Inc

Bacaan tambahan

• Morrow, Felix. (1932). The Bonus March. International Pamphlets No. 31. New York: International Publishers. OCLC 12546840
• Ortiz, Stephen R. 2006. "Rethinking the Bonus March: Federal Bonus Policy, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, and the Origins of a Protest Movement". Journal of Policy History. 18, no. 3: 275–303.
• Rawl, Michael J. (2006). Anacostia Flats. Baltimore: Publish America. ISBN 978-1-413-79778-7.
• Smith, Gene. (1970). The Shattered Dream: Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression. New York: William Morrow and Company. OCLC 76078

Pranala luar

• Sheilah Kast (February 13, 2005). "Soldier Against Soldier: The Story of the Bonus Army". NPR: Weekend Edition Sunday.
• The Bonus Army (EyeWitness to History)
• Vets Owe Debt to WWI's "Bonus Army from military.com
• FBI file on the Bonus Army
• The Sad Tale of the Bonus Marchers
• Memory: The Bonus Army March, Library of Congress
• Paul Dickson & Thomas B. Allen on The Bonus Army: An American Epic, a lecture recorded at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library

38°52′0.3″N 76°59′53″W