Jalur kereta api Addis Ababa–Jibuti

jalur kereta antarnegara yang melayani Ethiopia dan Djibouti Dari Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas

Jalur kereta api Addis Ababa–Jibuti

Jalur kereta api Addis Ababa–Jibuti adalah jalur kereta api internasional dengan sepur standar yang menghubungkan Addis Ababa dengan pelabuhan Jibuti di Teluk Aden,[1] menyediakan akses jalur kereta api menuju laut bagi daratan terkurung Ethiopia. Lebih dari 95% dari perdagangan Etiopia melalui Jibuti, mencapai 70% dari aktivitas di pelabuhan Jibuti.[2][3] Jalur kereta api dengan sepur standar ini menggantikan Jalur Kereta Api Ethio-Jibuti yang diabaikan, sebuah jalur kereta api dengan lebar rel 1000 mm (metre gauge railway) yang dibangun oleh Prancis antara tahun 1894 dan 1917.[4]

Fakta Singkat Ikhtisar, Sistem ...
Jalur kereta api Addis Ababa–Jibuti
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Peta yang menunjukkan jalur sepur standar baru

Jalur kereta api Addis Ababa–Jibuti
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Ikhtisar
SistemRel berat
StatusLayanan dalam percobaan
TerminusSebeta, Etiopia
Port of Doraleh, Jibuti
Operasi
Dibuka5 Oktober 2016 (Ethiopia)
10 Januari 2017 (Jibuti)
OperatorEthiopian Railway Corporation
Société Djiboutienne De Chemin De Fer
China Railways
Data teknis
Panjang lintas756 km (470 mi)
Lebar sepur1.435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) sepur standar
ElektrifikasiListrik aliran atas 25 kV AC
Kecepatan operasi160 km/h (99 mph)
Titik tertinggi2.356 m (7.730 ft)
Peta rute
Sebeta
Addis Ababa - Furi-Labu
Addis Ababa - Kaliti
Bishoftu
Mojo
Adama
Welenchiti
Metehara
Awash
Asebot
Mieso
Mulu
Afdem
Bike
Erer
Dirē Dawa
Shinle
Harewa
Adi Gala
Aysha
Dewele
Ethiopia
Djibouti
Perbatasan
Guelile
Ali Sabieh
Holhol
Nagad - Kota Jibuti
Port of Doraleh
Tutup

Jalur baru dibangun antara 2011 dan 2016 oleh China Railway Group dan China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation. Pembiayaan untuk jalur baru disediakan oleh Exim Bank of China, China Development Bank, dan Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.[5] Total US$4 miliar diinvestasikan untuk jalur kereta api ini.[6]

Layanan percobaan dimulai pada Oktober 2016, dan layanan reguler diharapkan dimulai pada tahun 2017.[7] Seksi Ethiopia diresmikan pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2016, dan seksi Jibuti diresmikan pada tanggal 10 Januari 2017.[8] Jalur kereta api ini telah mengurangi waktu transit kargo dari 3 hari melalui jalan raya menjadi 12 jam melalui kereta api.[9]

Rute

Sebagian besar panjang relnya berjalan sejajar dengan Jalur Kereta Api Ethio-Jibuti dengan lebar rel 1000 mm (metre gauge) yang diabaikan.[4] Namun, jalur kereta api sepur standar ini dibangun pada hak pembangunan jalan yang baru dan lebih lurus yang memungkinkannya untuk mencapai kecepatan yang jauh lebih tinggi. Stasiun-stasiun baru telah dibangun di luar pusat kota, dan stasiun lama dinonaktifkan.[10][11]

Jalur ini memiliki trek ganda untuk 115 km pertama dari Sebeta ke Adama, dan trek tunggal dari Adama menuju lautan.[12]

Sejarah

Pada tahun 2011, Ethiopian Railway Corporation memberikan kontrak kepada dua BUMN Tiongkok untuk pembangunan sebuah jalur kereta api sepur standar baru dari Addis Ababa ke perbatasan Jibuti. Sepanjang 320 km membentang dari Sebeta ke Mieso diberikan kepada China Railway Group,[13] dan seksi 339 km dari Mieso ke perbatasan Jibuti diberikan kepada China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation.[14] Pada tahun 2012, Jibuti memilih China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation untuk menyelesaikan 100 km terakhir ke pelabuhan Jibuti.[15]

Perpanjangan lanjutan ke Yaman

Ada rencana perpanjangan lanjutan jalur kereta api Addis Ababa-Jibuti ke Yaman melewati jembatan Jibuti-Yaman sepanjang 32 km (20 mi) tetapi dibatalkan karena beragam alasan seperti Perang Saudara Yaman sejak 2014 dan Lempeng Arab yang aktif secara tektonik mengakibatkan gempa bumi sering mengamuk di Turki.[16]

Lihat juga

  • Jalur Kereta Api Tanzania-Zambia, jalur kereta api lainnya yang dibangun Tiongkok di Afrika.

Referensi

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