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100% ike emeghariri ọhụrụ pụtara inweta ike niile site na ihe onwunwe a na-emeghari. Mgbalị iji 100% ike emeghariri ọhụrụ maka ọkụ eletrik, okpomọkụ, ịjụ oyi na njem na-akpali mgbanwe ihu igwe, mmetọ na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ, yana nchegbu akụ na ụba na nchekwa ike. Ịgbanwe ngụkọta nke ike isi ụwa na-enye na isi mmalite na-agbanwe agbanwe chọrọ mgbanwe nke usoro ike, ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ike nke taa sitere na mmanụ ala ndị adịghị emeghari emeghari
ihe kpatara ya | mmetọ, mgbanwe ihu igwe |
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Nnyocha banyere isiokwu a bụ ihe ọhụrụ, na nyocha ole na ole e bipụtara tupu afọ 2009, mana enwetala nlebara anya na-arịwanye elu n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ọmụmụ ihe na-egosi na mgbanwe zuru ụwa ọnụ gaa na 100% renewable energy gafee ngalaba niile nke ike, okpomọkụ, njem na ụlọ ọrụ bụ ihe ga-ekwe omume ma nwee ike ịga nke ọma na akụ na ụba. A na-ahụ usoro zuru oke dị ka akụkụ dị nke usoro ike 100% eneji emeghariri ma dabere na echiche "na enwere ike ịchọta ngwọta kachasị mma naanị ma ọ bụrụ na mmadụ na-elekwasị anya na njikọ aka n'etiti ngalaba" nke usoro ike dịka ọkụ eletrik, okpompe, njem ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ.[4][5][6][7][8]
Enweghị otu nkọwa maka usoro ike 100% na-emeghari ohụrụ ka a nabatara n'ofe akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara.[8]
Nnyocha ndị a e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na mgbanwe zuru ụwa ọnụ gaa na 100% eneji ndị a na-emeghari ohụrụ gafee ngalaba niile nke ike, okpomọkụ, njem na desalination tupu 2050 ga-ekwe omume.[4][5][6][7] Dabere na nyocha nke akwụkwọ 181 ndị ọgbọ nyochara na 100% renewable energy nke e bipụtara ruo 2018, n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ niile na-eme ka ike teknụzụ na akụ na ụba nke usoro 100% eneji a na-emeghari ohuru pụta ìhè. "[8] Nnyocha nke akwụkwọ 97 e bipụtara kemgbe afọ 2004 ma na-elekwasị anya n'àgwàetiti kwubiri na n'ofe ọmụmụ ihe 100% eneji a na-emeghari ohụrụ chọpụtara na ọ bụ "nke nwere ike ime na nke nwere ike ime n'ụzọ akụ na ụba".[9] Nnyocha 2022 chọpụtara na nkwubi okwu bụ isi nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ dị n'ọhịa bụ na 100% renewables nwere ike ime n'ụwa niile na ọnụ ala.
100% renewable energy bụ usoro ike ebe a na-enweta ike niile sitere na isi mmalite ike na-emeghariri ohụrụ. Mgbalị iji 100% renewable energy maka ọkụ eletrik, okpomọkụ / ịjụ oyi na njem na-akpali okpomọkụ ụwa, mmetọ na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ, yana nchegbu akụ na ụba na nchekwa ike. Ịgbanwe ngụkọta nke ike isi ụwa na-enye na isi mmalite a na-emeghari chọrọ nke usoro ike, ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ike nke taa sitere na mmanụ ala ndị na-adịghị emeghari.
A tụrụ aro iji ike 100% a na-emeghari emeghari mee ihe na akwụkwọ na Science nke onye Danish physicist Bent Sørensen bipụtara na 1975, nke ọtụtụ atụmatụ ndị ọzọ sochiri.[10][11] N'afọ 1976, onye na-enyocha iwu ike Amory Lovins chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ "ụzọ ike dị nro" iji kọwaa ọdịnihu ọzọ ebe arụmọrụ ike na isi mmalite ike na-agbanwe agbanwe na-anọchi usoro ike dị n'etiti nke dabeere na mmanụ ala na nuklia.[12]
Ebe ndị na-esonụ na-ezute 90% ma ọ bụ karịa nkezi ọkụ eletrik ha chọrọ kwa afọ na eneji na-emeghari ohụrụ (ndepụta na-ezughị ezu):
Ebe | Onuogugu | Ike | Edensiba |
---|---|---|---|
Albania | 2,821,977 (2011) | Electrik mmiri | |
Aller-Leine Valley, Germany | 75,000 (2012) | 63.5% ikuku, 30% biogaasi, 10.7% mmiri, 3.1% anyanwụ | [13][14] |
Aspen, Colorado, United States | 6,658 (2010) | Hydroelectric, wind and solar and geothermal | [15] |
Bhutan | 727,145 (2017) | Electik mmiri nke ukwuu; na-ebupụ 70% nke mmepụta ya n'ihi oke ike emepụtara; enweghị ihe na-emeputa ike mmanụ ọkụ. | [16] |
Burlington, Vermont, United States | 42,417 (2010) | 35.3% mmiri, 35.3% osisi, 27.9% ikuku, 1.4% photovoltaic anyanwu | [17] |
British Columbia, Canada | 4,700,000 (2017) | 97% ekectrik mmiri | [18] |
Centralia, Washington, United States | 17,216 | 90.6% mmiri, 7.9% nuclear | [19] |
Chelan Cty., Washington, United States | 76,533 | 100% ike emeghariri ọhụrụ mebere nke 99.98% electrik mmiri na 0.02% ike ikuku. | [20] |
Costa Rica | 4,857,000 | 99% electric a na-emeghari ohuru. electrik mmiri (90%), geothermal, ikuku na ndi ozo) | [21] |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 84,000,000 | Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 100% ike mmiri, mana naanị 9% nwere ike ịnweta ọkụ eletrik. | [22][23] |
Douglas Cty., Washington, United States | 41,945 | 100% mmiri | [19] |
Ethiopia | 109,224,414 (2018) | Electric mmir Kachasị (>90%). Obere ikuku, anyanwụ, na geothermal. 45% nke ndị mmadụ nwere ike nweta ọkụ eletrik dịka nke 2018, ma enwere ebumnuche ohere 100% edobere na 2017 maka 2025. | [24] |
Georgetown, Texas, United States | 70,000 | 100% - 154MW anyanwụ na ikuku dabara na njikọ grid | [25] |
Greensburg, Kansas, United States | 1400 | 100% - ifufe guzozie eguzozie na grid njikọ | [15][26] |
Iceland | 329,100 | 72% electrik mmiri, 28% geothermal, ikuku, na ike anyanwu, Ihe na-erughị 0.1% mmanụ ọkụ (dizel grid) | |
Kodiak Island, Alaska, United States | 13,448 | 80.9% elecctrik mmir, 19.8% ike ikuku, 0.3% mmanụ dizel jenerato | |
Lower Austria, Austria | 1,612,000 | 63% Electrik mmiri, 26% ikuku, 9% biomass, 2% anyanwụ | [27] |
Manitoba, Canada | 1,278,365 | 97% electrik mmir, 3% ifufe, <1% mmanụ ala (dizel na mpaghara anọ kwụsịrị), <1% gas. | [28] |
Norway | 5,140,000 | 96% electrik mmiri, 2% mmanụ ọkụ, 2% geothermal, ikuku, na ike anyanwu | |
Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada | 525,604 | 95% mmiri electrik | [29] |
Palo Alto, California, United States | 66,000 | 50% hydro, zuru ike ngwakọta nke anyanwụ, ikuku na biogas | [30] |
Paraguay | 7,010,000 | Ngalaba eletrik na Paraguay bụ 100% hydroelectricity, ihe dị ka 90% nke a na-ebupụ, 10% fọdụrụnụ na-ekpuchi ọchịchọ ụlọ. | [31] |
Pend Oreille Cty., Washington, United States | 13,354 | 97.1% mmiri | [19] |
Quebec, Canada | 8,200,000 | 99% ọkụ eletrik a na-emegharị bụ isi ike ejiri na Quebec (41%), mmanụ (38%) sochiri ya na gas (10%). | [32] |
Samsø, Denmark | 3,806 | Net karịrị 100% ike ikuku na biomass, ejikọrọ na ala ala maka nguzozi na ike ndabere | [33] |
Scotland | 5,510,000 (2022) | 97% nke ọkụ eletrik (2020) emepụtara site na mmeghari ohuru, ikuku kachasi, electrik mmiri na-esote. | [34] |
Sealand | 2 | 100% ọkụ eletrik na-emepụta site na ikuku na ike anyanwụ. | [35][36] |
Seattle, Washington, United States | 724,745 | 86% electrik mmiri, 7% ikuku, 1% biogaasi | [37][19] |
South Island, New Zealand | 1,115,000 | 98.2%electrik mmiri na 1.6% ikuku. A na-ebupụ ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ ise nke ọgbọ na North Island. | [38] |
Tacoma, Washington, United States | 208,100 | 85% mmiri, 6% ikuku | [19] |
Tajikistan | 8,734,951 (2016) | Mmiri mmiri na-enye ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent 100 nke ọkụ eletrik Tajikistan. | [39] |
Tasmania, Australia | 515,000 | Mmiri mmiri na-enye pasentị 100 nke ọkụ eletrik Tasmania. (Atụmatụ iwu na-echere maka %200 ike mmeghari ohuru site na 2040, ebe nke fọdụrụ ka a ga-eziga na ala Australia site na eriri ike ụgbọ mmiri) | [40][41] |
Tau, American Samoa | 873 (2000) | ~ 100% ike anyanwụ, yana nkwado batrị | [42] |
Tilos, Greece | 400 (winter), 3,000 (summer) | 100% ikuku na ike anyanwụ, yana nkwado batrị | [43] |
Tokelau, New Zealand | 1,411 | 93% ike anyanwụ, yana nkwado batrị yana 7% biofuel aki oyibo | [44] |
Uruguay | 3,300,000 (2013) | 94.5% ọkụ eletrik emeghari; A na-eji ike ikuku (na biomass na ike anyanwụ) gbatịa ihe nchekwa mmiri ọkụ n'ime oge ọkọchị | [45] |
Wildpoldsried, Bavaria, Germany | 2,512 (2013) | 500% ikuku, anyanwu, mmiri | [46] |
Yukon, Canada | 35,874 | 94% electric mmiri | [47] |
N'afọ 2015, Jacobson na Delucchi, tinyere Mary Cameron na Bethany Frew, nyochara site na simulation kọmputa (Loadmatch), n'ụzọ zuru ezu otu usoro ikuku-mmiri-anyanwụ (WWS) nwere ike isi soro ike achọrọ site na nkeji ruo nkeji. Nke a mere ka o kwe omume na United States ruo afọ isii, gụnyere mgbanwe WWS site na ihe omume ihu igwe siri ike.[48] N'afọ 2017, otu ndị nchọpụta iri abọ na asaa gara n'ihu imepụta atụmatụ ahụ maka mba 139 na afọ 2018, Jacobson na Delucchi na Mary Cameron na Brian Mathiesen bipụtara nsonaazụ Loadmatch maka mpaghara 20 nke kewara mba 139 n'ụwa.[49] Dabere na nyocha a, usoro WWS nwere ike ịgbaso ihe achọrọ na mpaghara niile.[50]
Ihe omume Loadmatch na-enweta ihe dị ka usoro atụmatụ ntinye, kwa ọkara nkeji n'oge afọ 2050 2055, nke
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