Kakristenan ing Jepang

Agama Kristen ing Jepang lumebu liwat rute perdagangan ing abad kaping 19.^[1] Wong Jepang seneng karo ilmu lan teknologi saka Kulon, dadi luwih terbuka nalika agama Kristen lumebu.^[1] Malah, pamrentah Jepang dhewe milih wong Kristen dadi guru ing universitas sing wis ana.^[1] Keterbukaan Jepang ing wektu iki nyedhiyakake papan kanggo jemaat Kristen sing wis dikabarake injil udakara abad kaping 16, nanging ana tekanan saka negara kasebut mula kepeksa ndhelik.^[1] Nanging, Nikolai, pandhita konsul saka Ruslan iso mbangun Greja Orthodok Ruslan ing Jepang.^[1] Greja Protestan uga sukses ing antarane para samurai amarga dheweke kepincut karo prinsip kepatuhan lan pelayanan ingkang ditawakake Protèstan. Kajaba iku, masa kebangunan rohani sing kedadeyan udakara taun 1880 uga nyumbang tumrap tuwuhing greja kanthi cepet.^[1] Salah sawijining perjuangan utama jemaat Kristen ing Jepang yaiku nasionalisme Jepang ingkang ana gandhengane karo agama Shinto, saengga dheweke angel golek kesetiaan kangge negara kasebut uga kangge agama Kristen dhewe.^[1] Kajaba iku, pecahe Perang Donya II nyebabake konflik kesetiaan ing antarane jemaat Kristen lan negarane dadi saya parah.^[1] Kejaba perkara kasebut, ana sawetara tokoh Kristen sing duwe peran kanggo Jepang, kayata Toyohiko Kagawa.^[2]

Etimologi

Tembung dhasar Jepang kanggo Kekristenan (キリスト教, Kirisuto-kyō^?) asale saka transkripsi katakana kanggo tembung Cristo (キリスト, kirisuto^?), yaiku tembung basa Portugis kanggo "Kristus", ditambah tembung Tionghoa-Jepang kanggo doktrin (教, kyō^?, piwulang utawa prinsip urip, saka basa Mandharin kæ̀w 教).^[3]

Budaya

Jepang yaiku salah sawijining negara paling sekuler ing donya miturut World Values Survey. Sanajan ana udakara 3 yuta wong Kristen ing Jepang,^[4] Kekristenan nyebar ing antarane afiliasi denominasi. 70% greja Jepang duwe rata-rata sing rawuh kurang saka 30 wong, sanajan anggotane asring peng pindone angka iki.^[5]

Tokoh Kristen ing Jepang

Wiwit kaping pisanan misi Katulik lumebu ing abad kaping 17, sawetara pejabat luhur Jepang dadi lumebu agama Kristen, kalebu Dom Justo Takayama lan Hosokawa Gracia. Antarane 26 martir Jepang, Paulo Miki ingkang paling misuwur. Umat ​​Katolik ngelingi dheweke minangka salah sawijining santo pangreksa Jepang.

Nayakotama Jepang

Sanajan wong Kristen ing Jepang kurang saka 1% populasi,^[6][7][8] nanging wus ana wolung wong Kristen sing dadi Nayakotama ing Jepang.

Katolik Roma

• Hara Takashi - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 19 lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 10.
• Shigeru Yoshida - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 45, 48, 49, 50, lan 51, lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 32.
• Taro Aso - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 92 lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 59.

Protestan

• Viscount Takahashi Korekiyo - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 20 lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 11.
• Tetsu Katayama - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 46 lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 33.
• Ichirō Hatoyama - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 52, 53, lan 54, lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 35.
• Masayoshi Ōhira - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 68, lan 69, lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 43.
• Yukio Hatoyama - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 94 lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 60.

Referensi

1. (ing basa Indonésia) Anne Ruck.1997.Sejarah Gereja di Asia.Jakarta:PT BPK Gunung Mulia. hlm 156-174.
2. (ing basa Indonésia) F.D. Wellem.1993.Riwayat Hidup Singkat Tokoh-tokoh Dalam Gereja.Jakarta:PT Bpk Gunung Mulia.
3. Kodansha's furigana Japanese Dictionary. Japan: Kodansha Inc. 1999.
4. US State Department 2007 Religious Freedom Report. State.gov (2007-09-14). Retrieved on 2011-06-15.
5. OMF International – Japan, the Land of Contrasts Archived 2013-12-03 at the Wayback Machine.. Omf.org. Retrieved on 2011-06-15.
6. Mariko Kato (February 24, 2009). "Christianity's long history in the margins". The Japan Times. The Christian community itself counts only those who have been baptized and are currently regular churchgoers — some 1 million people, or less than 1 percent of the population, according to Nobuhisa Yamakita, moderator of the United Church of Christ in Japan
7. "Christians use English to reach Japanese youth". Mission Network News. 3 September 2007. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 11 June 2010. Dibukak ing 21 September 2020. The population of Japan is less than one-percent Christian
8. Heide Fehrenbach, Uta G. Poiger (2000). Transactions, transgressions, transformations: American culture in Western Europe and Japan. Berghahn Books. kc. 62. ISBN 1-57181-108-7. ... followers of the Christian faith constitute only about a half percent of the Japanese population

Wacanan tambahan

• Ballhatchet, Helen (Keio University). "Christianity and Gender Relationships in Japan: Case Studies of Marriage and Divorce in Early Meiji Protestant Circles." Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. Nanzan University, Vol. 34, No. 1, Christians in Japan (2007), pp. 177–201. Available at JSTOR.
• Germany, Charles H., ed. The Response of the Church to Changing Japan. New York: Friendship Press, 1967.

Pranala luar

•  "Japan". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.
• History of the Japanese Catholic Church by the Daughters of St. Paul convent; Tokyo, Japan
• What was Japan’s Christian Century (1550–1650)? by JARS: Japanese Association for Renaissance Studies
• Christianity is popular in Japan today, Orthodox Portal
• Japanese Living Bible
• Japanese Bible Society Archived 2017-04-26 at the Wayback Machine.