Citrus

Citrus (-i, f.) (a nomine Graeco ἡ κέδρος, i.e. "cedrus") est genus arborum fructiferarum in familia Rutacearum. Genus a Linnaeo anno 1753 statutum est.^[1]

Citrus × sinensis cum fructibus floribusque

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Plantae

Ordo : Sapindales 
Familia : Rutaceae 
Subfamilia : Aurantioideae 
Tribus : Citreae 
Genus : Citrus 
L.

   

Malum paradisi

De nomine

Apud antiquos "citrus" designabat duas species plantarum satis inter se dissimilium: arborem Africam, nomine scientifico Tetraclinis articulata, cuius lignum fragrans, citrum nominatum, multi aestimabatur ad supellectilem faciendam; arboremque fructiferam quae etiam malus Medica appellabatur, cuique nunc binomen Citrus medica imponitur.^[2] A saeculo fere tertio decimo, postquam aliae quoque plantae cognatae in Europa cognitae sunt, nomen citrus ad eas omnibus nonnumquam translatum est. Dehinc id nomen Carolus Linnaeus anno 1753 omni huic generi adiudicavit.^[1]

De origine generis et specierum

Species generis Citri spontaneae crescunt per regionem satis magnam Australasiaticam, occidentem versus ab India orientali incipientes, orientem versus usque ad Sericam et Iaponiam necnon Philippinas insulas, meridiem versus usque in Novam Guineam Australiamque florentes. Inter species huius generis facillime et crebrissime hybridae gignuntur, quorum nonnulli fructús hominibus perutiles et valde gratos producunt.

Genus usque eo singulum in sex divisit Gualterus Tennyson Swingle, qui Poncirus Raf. accepit atque e novo constituit Clymenia, Fortunella et anno 1915 e speciebus Australianis Eremocitrus, Microcitrus.^[3] Genus Papeda Hassk. Swingle in subgenus Citri convertit. Quae subdivisiones, suadentibus iam diu Burkill recenterque Mabberley, in Citrum coniungendae sunt.^[4]

Index specierum et hybridarum

Taberna citrorum Pompeiana

Species (cum synonymis selectis)

• Citrus cavaleriei (C. ichangensis)
• Citrus hystrix sive papeda (C. kerrii, C. macroptera)
• Citrus maxima (C. decumana, C. grandis)
• Citrus medica sive malum Medicum
• Citrus micrantha
• Citrus reticulata sive tangerina (C. tachibana)
• Citrus trifoliata (Poncirus trifoliata)
• Citrus japonica sive fortunella (Fortunella spp.)
• Citrus swinglei (F. polyandra, C. polyandra)
• Citrus halimii
• Citrus glauca (Eremocitrus glauca, Atalantia glauca)
• Citrus australasica (Microcitrus australasica)
• Citrus australis (Microcitrus australis)
• Citrus garrawayi (C. garrawayae, M. garrawayi)
• Citrus gracilis
• Citrus inodora (M. inodora)
• Citrus warburgiana (M. warburgiana)
• Citrus wintersii (M. papuana)

Hybridae (cum origine)

• Citrus × aurantium (Sour Orange Group), Latine "Aurantium" (hybrida C. maxima × C. reticulata)
  • (Sweet Orange Group), Latine "Malum Sinense", apud nonnullos C. × sinensis (hybrida C. × aurantium × C. reticulata)
  • (Grapefruit Group), Latine "Malum paradisi", apud nonnullos C. × paradisi (hybrida C. × sinensis × C. maxima)
  • (Bergamot Group), Latine "Bergamia" (hybrida C. × aurantium × C. limon (?))
• Citrus × limon, Latine "Limon" (hybrida C. medica × C. × aurantium)
• Citrus × limonia^(en) (hybrida C. reticulata × C. medica)
• Citrus × aurantiifolia, Latine "Lumia" (hybrida C. medica × C. hystrix (?))
  • Citrus × latifolia (hybrida C. × aurantiifolia × C. × limon (?))
  • (Limetta Group) (hybrida C. × aurantiifolia × C. maxima (?))
• Citrus × microcarpa vel C. × mitis sive calamondin (hybrida C. japonica × C. reticulata)
• Citrus × jambhiri vel C. otaitensis vel C. taitensis sive rough lemon (hybrida C. medica × C. reticulata et fortasse × C. × limon)
• Citrus × junos sive yuzu (hybrida C. cavaleriei × C. maxima (?))
• Citrus × webberi (hybrida C. cavaleriei × C. × aurantium (?))
• Citrus × insitorum sive citrange (hybrida C. trifoliata × C. × aurantium)
• Citrus × georgiana sive citrangequat (hybrida C. × insitorum × C. japonica)
• Citrus × floridana sive limequat (hybrida C. × aurantiifolia × C. japonica)
• Citrus × clementina (hybrida C. × sinensis × C. reticulata)
• Citrus × tangelo (hybrida C. × paradisi × C. reticulata)