စက်ခါရော့ဗ်ဆု

စက်ခါရော့ဗ် လွတ်လပ်စွာ စဉ်းစားတွေးခေါ်မှု ဆု(Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought) သည် ဆိုဗီယက်ပြည်ထောင်စုတွင် နေထိုင်သည့် သိပ္ပံပညာရှင် အန္ဒရေး စက်ခါရော့ဗ်၏ အမည်အား ဂုဏ်ပြုထားခြင်းဖြစ်ပြီး၊ ၁၉၈၈ ခုနှစ် ဒီဇင်ဘာလမှစတင်၍ ဥရောပသမဂ္ဂ မှ လူ့အခွင့်အရေး နှင့် လွတ်လပ်စွာတွေးခေါ်နိုင်ရန် အင်တိုက်အားတိုက် လုပ်ဆောင်ကြသည့် ပုဂ္ဂိုလ်များ၊ အဖွဲ့အစည်းများကို ဂုဏ်ပြုနိုင်ရန် ပေးအပ်သည့် ဆုဖြစ်သည်။^[၁] ဆုရရှိနိုင်သည့် အမည်များကို လျာထားပြီးနောက် ဥရောပသမဂ္ဂ နိုင်ငံခြားရေးရာ ကော်မတီ နှင့် တိုးတက်ဖွဲ့ဖြိုးရေး ကော်မတီတို့မှ နှစ်စဉ် အောက်တိုဘာလတွင် ဆုရရှိသူအမည်ကို ထုတ်ဖော်ကြေညာလေ့ရှိသည်။^[၂]၂၀၁၀ခုနှစ်အရ၊ ဆု နှင့် ဆုကြေးတန်ဖိုးမှာ ယူရိုငွေ ၅၀ ၀၀၀ ဖြစ်သည်။^[၂]

ဆုရရှိခဲ့သူများ

Nelson Mandela was the inaugural winner of the prize, together with Anatoly Marchenko.

Year	Recipient	Nationality	Notes	Reference
1988	Mandela, NelsonNelson Mandela	တောင်အာဖရိက	Anti-apartheid activist and later President of South Africa	[၃]
1988	Marchenko, AnatolyAnatoly Marchenko (posthumously)	Soviet Union	Soviet dissident, author and humans rights activist	[၃]
1989	Dubček, AlexanderAlexander Dubček	Czechoslovakia	Slovak politician, attempted to reform the communist regime during the Prague Spring	[၃]
1990	အောင်ဆန်းစုကြည်	မြန်မာ	Opposition politician and a former General Secretary of the National League for Democracy	[၄]
1991	Demaçi, AdemAdem Demaçi	Kosovo	Politician and long-term political prisoner	[၃]
1992	Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo	အာဂျင်တီးနား	Association of Argentine mothers whose children disappeared during the Dirty War	[၄]
1993	Oslobođenje	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Popular newspaper, continued to publish after its office building was destroyed in Sarajevo	[၄]
1994	Nasrin, TaslimaTaslima Nasrin	Bangladesh	Ex-doctor, feminist author	[၄]
1995	Zana, LeylaLeyla Zana	တူရကီ	A female politician of Kurdish descent from Eastern Turkey, who was imprisoned for 10 years for speaking her native language of Kurdish in the Turkish Parliament	[၃]
1996	Jingsheng, WeiWei Jingsheng	တရုတ်	An activist in the Chinese democracy movement	[၄]
1997	Ghezali, SalimaSalima Ghezali	Algeria	Journalist and writer, an activist of women's rights, human rights and democracy in Algeria	[၄]
1998	Rugova, IbrahimIbrahim Rugova	Kosovo	Albanian politician, the first President of Kosovo	[၃]
1999	Gusmão, XananaXanana Gusmão	East Timor	Former militant who was the first President of East Timor	[၅]
2000	Basta !¡Basta Ya!	စပိန်	Organisation uniting individuals of various political positions against terrorism	[၆]
2001	Peled-Elhanan, NuritNurit Peled-Elhanan	Israel	Peace activist	[၃]
2001	Ghazzawi, IzzatIzzat Ghazzawi	Palestine	Writer, arrested several times by Israeli authorities for "political activities"	[၃]
2001	Kamwenho, Dom ZacariasDom Zacarias Kamwenho	Angola	Archbishop and peace activist	[၃]
2002	Payá, OswaldoOswaldo Payá	Cuba	Political activist and dissident	[၇]
2003	Annan, KofiKofi Annan (& United Nations)	—	Nobel Peace Prize recipient and seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations	[၃]
2004	Belarusian Association of Journalists	Belarus	Non-governmental organisation "aiming to ensure freedom of speech and rights of receiving and distributing information and promoting professional standards of journalism"	[၈]
2005	Ladies in White	Cuba	Opposition movement, relatives of jailed dissidents	[၉]
2005	Reporters Without Borders	—	France-based non-governmental organisation advocating freedom of the press	[၉]
2005	Ibrahim, HauwaHauwa Ibrahim	Nigeria	Human rights lawyer	[၉]
2006	Milinkievič, AlaksandarAlaksandar Milinkievič	Belarus	Politician chosen by United Democratic Forces of Belarus as the joint candidate of the opposition in the presidential elections of 2006	[၁၀]
2007	Mahmoud Osman, SalihSalih Mahmoud Osman	Sudan	Human rights lawyer	[၄]
2008	Jia, HuHu Jia	တရုတ်	Activist and dissident	[၁၁]
2009	Memorial	Russia	International civil rights and historical society	[၁၂]
2010	Fariñas, GuillermoGuillermo Fariñas	Cuba	Doctor, journalist and political dissident	[၁၃]
2011	Asmaa Mahfouz, Ahmed al-Senussi, Razan Zaitouneh, Ali Farzat, Mohamed Bouazizi (posthumously)	Egypt Libya Syria Syria Tunisia	Five representatives of the Arab people, in recognition and support of their drive for freedom and human rights.	[၁၄]