John von Neumann
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John von Neumann (născut János Lajos Neumann ; n. , Budapesta, Austro-Ungaria – d. , Washington, D.C., District of Columbia, SUA) a fost un matematician american evreu de origine austro-ungară cu importante contribuții în fizica cuantică, analiza funcțională, teoria mulțimilor, topologie, economie, informatică, analiza numerică, hidrodinamica exploziilor, statistică și în multe alte domenii ale matematicii, fiind unul din cei mai importanți matematicieni din istorie.[27]
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John von Neumann | |
Date personale | |
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Nume la naștere | Neumann János Lajos |
Poreclă | Good Time Johnny |
Născut | [1][2][3][4] Budapesta, Austro-Ungaria[5] |
Decedat | (53 de ani)[1][6][3][4] Washington, D.C., District of Columbia, SUA[7][8][9] |
Înmormântat | cimitirul Princeton[*][10] |
Cauza decesului | cauze naturale[11] (cancer al creierului[*][11]) |
Părinți | Neumann Miksa[*][[Neumann Miksa (Banker)|]] Kann Margit[*][[Kann Margit (1880 - uncertain 1956)|]] |
Căsătorit cu | Dán Klára[*][[Dán Klára (Hungarian computer scientist (1911-1963))|]] (noiembrie 1938–)[11] Kövesi Marietta[*][[Kövesi Marietta (Hungarian born economics, wife of John von Neumann (1909–1992))|]] (–)[12] |
Copii | Marina von Neumann Whitman[*][[Marina von Neumann Whitman (economistă americană)|]] |
Cetățenie | Ungaria Statele Unite ale Americii (–)[13] |
Religie | iudaism creștinism catolicism |
Ocupație | matematician informatician fizician economist cadru didactic universitar[*] |
Limbi vorbite | limba maghiară[14] limba franceză limba germană[14] limba latină limba greacă veche limba engleză[15][16][14] |
Activitate | |
Domeniu | analiză funcțională[*][17] teoria operatorilor[*] matematică[17] fizică[17] teoria jocului[17] Automate celulare[17] teoria mulțimilor[17] fizică cuantică[*][17] nuclear bomb[*][[nuclear bomb (bomb using energy from nuclear reaction; explosive device intended to be dropped from an aircraft and using energy from nuclear reaction)|]][17] știința informației[*][17] |
Număr Erdős | 3 |
Instituție | Universitatea Princeton[11] Universitatea Frederic Wilhelm din Berlin[*][11] Comisia pentru Energie Atomică din Statele Unite[*][13] Universitatea din Hamburg[11] Institute for Advanced Study[11] Armed Forces Special Weapons Project[*][[Armed Forces Special Weapons Project (US nuclear weapons agency until 1947)|]][11] Ballistic Research Laboratory[*][[Ballistic Research Laboratory (defunct center for the United States Army's research efforts in ballistics)|]][11] Naval Ordnance Laboratory[*][[Naval Ordnance Laboratory (disestablished United States naval laboratory at White Oak, Maryland)|]][11] Laboratorul Național Los Alamos[11] |
Alma Mater | budapesti Fasori Evangélikus Gimnázium[*][[budapesti Fasori Evangélikus Gimnázium (high school in Budapest District VII in Hungary)|]][11] Universitatea Frederic Wilhelm din Berlin[*][11] ETH Zürich Universitatea „Eötvös Loránd” din Budapesta[11] Universitatea Georg-August din Göttingen[11] |
Organizații | Academia Națională de Științe a Statelor Unite ale Americii[*][18] Academia Americană de Arte și Științe[*][19] American Philosophical Society[*][[American Philosophical Society (American scholarly organization and learned society)|]][20] Academia Regală Neerlandeză de Arte și Științe Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei[20] London Mathematical Society[*][21] Institute of Mathematical Statistics[*][[Institute of Mathematical Statistics (international learned society for mathematical statistics)|]][22] Econometric Society[*][[Econometric Society (academic society and publisher)|]][23] Comisia pentru Energie Atomică din Statele Unite[*][24] |
Conducător de doctorat | Lipót Fejér |
Doctoranzi | Donald B. Gillies[*][[Donald B. Gillies (Canadian mathematician and computer scientist)|]][25] Maurice Pryce[*][[Maurice Pryce (fizician britanic)|]][25] Israel Halperin[*][[Israel Halperin (matematician canadian)|]][25] Friederich Ignaz Mautner[*][[Friederich Ignaz Mautner (matematician american)|]][25] John Patterson Mayberry[*][[John Patterson Mayberry (Ph.D. Princeton University 1956)|]][25] |
Cunoscut pentru | von Neumann cellular automaton[*][[von Neumann cellular automaton (cellular automaton used to model universal construction)|]] vecinătate von Neumann[*] constructor universal von Neumann[*] Arhitectură von Neumann algebră von Neumann[*] von Neumann–Morgenstern utility theorem[*][[von Neumann–Morgenstern utility theorem (theorem that a rational decision-maker has a utility function)|]] inel regulat von Neumann[*] Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory[*][[Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory (axiomatic set theory)|]] von Neumann universe[*][[von Neumann universe (in set theory, the collection of sets obtained by transfinite recursion using the powerset operation)|]] Von Neumann conjecture[*][[Von Neumann conjecture |]] von Neumann entropy[*][[von Neumann entropy (type of entropy in quantum statistical mechanics)|]] Von Neumann stability analysis[*][[Von Neumann stability analysis (numerical analysis procedure)|]] abelian von Neumann algebra[*][[abelian von Neumann algebra (von Neumann algebra in which all elements commute)|]] von Neumann ordinal[*][[von Neumann ordinal (implementation of an ordinal as the set of all ordinals strictly less than it)|]] Von Neumann equation[*][[Von Neumann equation |]] von Neumann bicommutant theorem[*][[von Neumann bicommutant theorem (theorem that the closure (under either the weak or strong operator topologies) of a unital *-algebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space coincides with its bicommutant)|]] Weyl–von Neumann theorem[*][[Weyl–von Neumann theorem |]] teorema minimax[*] First draft of a report on the EDVAC[*][[First draft of a report on the EDVAC (1993 scholarly article presenting Von Neumann's "First draft of a report on the EDVAC")|]] |
Premii | Medalia Prezidențială pentru Libertate[*] ()[11] Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal[*][[Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal (American award for atmospheric research)|]] () Bôcher Memorial Prize[*][[Bôcher Memorial Prize (American award for mathematical analysis)|]] ()[26][11] Enrico Fermi Award[*][[Enrico Fermi Award (award conferred by the United States Department of Energy)|]] ()[11] Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectureship[*][[Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectureship |]] ()[11] Silliman Memorial Lectures[*][[Silliman Memorial Lectures (Yale University lecture series)|]] () Medalia Prezidențială de Merit[*] ()[11] Albert Einstein Award[*][[Albert Einstein Award (award in theoretical physics)|]] ()[11] Financial Times Person of the Year[*][[Financial Times Person of the Year (person the Financial Times has considered has demonstrated considerable influence in a given year)|]] () Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics[*][[Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (award)|]] ()[22] Fellow of the Econometric Society[*][[Fellow of the Econometric Society |]] ()[23] |
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