Consonants |
IPA | Examples |
b |
buy, cab |
d |
dye, cad, do |
ð |
thy, breathe, father |
dʒ |
giant, badge, jam |
f |
fan, caff, phi |
ɡ (ɡ)[1] |
guy, bag |
h |
high, ahead |
hw |
why[2] |
j[3] |
yes, hallelujah |
k |
sky, crack |
l |
lie, sly, gal |
m |
my, smile, cam |
n |
nigh, snide, can |
ŋ |
sang, sink, singer |
θ |
thigh, math |
p |
pie, spy, cap |
r[4] |
rye, try, very |
s |
sigh, mass |
ʃ |
shy, cash, emotion |
t |
tie, sty, cat, atom |
tʃ |
china, catch |
v |
vie, have |
w |
wye, swine |
z |
zoo, has |
ʒ |
equation, pleasure, vision, beige[5] |
Marginal consonants |
x |
ugh, loch, Chanukah[6] |
ʔ |
uh-oh /ˈʔʌʔoʊ/ |
˜ |
bon vivant /ˌbɒ̃ viːˈvɒ̃/[7] |
|
Vouels |
IPA | Full vouels | IPA | ... follaed bi R[8] |
ɑː |
PALM, father, bra |
ɑːr |
START, bard, barn, snarl, star |
ɒ |
LOT, pod, John[9] |
ɒr |
moral, forage |
æ |
TRAP, pad, ban[10][11] |
ær |
barrow, marry[12] |
aɪ |
PRICE, ride, file, fine, pie[13] |
aɪər |
Ireland, hire (= /aɪr/) |
aɪ.ər |
higher, buyer[14] |
aʊ |
MOUTH, loud, foul, down, how |
aʊər |
flour (= /aʊr/) |
aʊ.ər |
flower[14] |
ɛ |
DRESS, bet, fell, men[15] |
ɛr |
error, merry[15] |
eɪ |
FACE, made, fail, vein, pay |
ɛər |
SQUARE, mare, scarce, cairn, Mary (= /eɪr/)[16] |
eɪ.ər |
layer (one who lays)[14] |
ɪ |
KIT, lid, fill, bin |
ɪr |
mirror, Sirius |
iː |
FLEECE, seed, feel, mean, sea |
ɪər |
NEAR, beard, fierce, serious (= /iːr/)[17] |
iː.ər |
freer |
ɔː |
THOUGHT, Maud, dawn, fall, straw[18] |
ɔːr |
NORTH, born, war, Laura[19][20] |
ɔː.ər |
sawer |
ɔɪ |
CHOICE, void, foil, coin, boy |
ɔɪər |
coir (= /ɔɪr/) |
ɔɪ.ər |
employer[14] |
oʊ |
GOAT, code, foal, bone, go[21] |
ɔər |
FORCE, more, boar, oral (= /oʊr/)[19][20] |
oʊ.ər |
mower |
ʊ |
FOOT, good, full, woman |
ʊr |
courier |
uː |
GOOSE, food, fool, soon, do |
ʊər |
boor, moor, tourist (= /uːr/)[19][20] |
uː.ər |
truer |
juː |
cute, mule, puny, beauty, huge, tune[22] |
jʊər |
cure (= /juːr/) |
juː.ər |
fewer |
ʌ |
STRUT, bud, dull, gun[23] |
ɜːr |
NURSE, word, girl, fern, furry |
ʌr |
hurry, nourish (in the UK) |
Reduced vouels |
ə |
COMMA, Rosa's, ago, quiet, focus |
ər |
LETTER, perceive |
əl |
bottle (either [əl] or [l̩]) |
ən |
button (either [ən] or [n̩]) |
əm |
rhythm (either [əm] or [m̩]) |
i |
HAPPY, serious[24] (either /ɪ/ or /iː/) |
u |
situation (either /ʊ/ or /uː/) |
ᵻ[25] |
roses, enough[26] (either /ɪ/ or /ə/) |
ᵿ[25] |
beautiful, curriculum ([jᵿ])[27] (either /ʊ/ or /ə/) |
|
Stress |
Syllabification |
IPA | Examples |
IPA | Examples |
ˈ |
intonation /ˌɪntəˈneɪʃən/,[28] battleship /ˈbætəlʃɪp/[29] |
. |
/haɪər/ hire, /haɪ.ər/ higher[30] |
ˌ |
|