Iran–Iraq War |
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Pairt o the Persie Gulf Conflicts |
Pairticipation o child sodgers on Iranian front (tap left); Iranian sodger wearin a gas mask (tap richt); Port quarter view o USS Stark listin tae port after bein mistakenly struck bi an Iraqi warplane (middle left); Pro-Iraq PMOI forces killed in Operation Mersad (middle richt); Iraqi preesoners o war after the re-captur o Khorramshahr bi Iranians (ablo left); ZU-23-2 bein uised bi the Iranian Airmy (ablo richt). |
Date | 22 September 1980 – 20 August 1988 (7 years, 10 months, 4 weeks and 1 day) |
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Location | Iran, Iraq, Persie Gulf |
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Result |
Militar stalemate
- Iraqi failyie tae annex territories on the east bank o the Shatt al-Arab an bolster Arab separatism in Khuzestan Province o Iran
- Iranian failyie tae topple Saddam Hussein an destroy Iraqi militar pouer as well as inspire sectarian divide i Iraq
- Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil Resolution 598
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Territorial changes |
"Status quo ante bellum"; observed bi Unitit Naitions Iran–Iraq Militar Observer Group based on Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil Resolution 619 |
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Belligerents |
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Iran
KDP
PUK
ISCI
Abuzar Brigade[1]
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Iraq
PMOI
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Commanders an leaders |
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Ruhollah Khomeini (Supreme Leader of Iran)
Ithers:
- Abulhassan Banisadr
(Preses o Iran, ineetially the commander-in-chief, impeached an oustit in 1981)
- Mohammad-Ali Rajai
(Preses o Iran, assassinatit in 1981)
- Ali Khamenei
(Preses o Iran)[12]
- Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
(Chairman o the Pairlament; "de facto" commander-in-chief)
- Mohammad-Javad Bahonar
(Prime Meenister o Iran, assassinatit in 1981)
- Mir-Hossein Mousavi
(Prime Meenister o Iran)
- Mostafa Chamran
(Meenister o Defence, KIA in 1981)
- Valiollah Fallahi, General
(Chief o Staff, killed in plane crash in 1981)
- Qasem-Ali Zahirnejad, General
(Chief o Staff)
- Ali Sayyad Shirazi, Colonel
(Commander o Airmy)
- Javad Fakoori, General
(Commander o Air Force, killed in plane crash in 1981)
- Mohammad-Hossein Moeinpoor, Colonel
(Commander o Air Force)
- Bahram Afzali, Rear Admiral
(Commander o Navy, executit for alleged espionage in 1984)
- Mohammadhossein Malekzadegan, Navy Captain
(Commander o Navy)
- Mohsen Rezaee
(Commander o IRGC)
- Chenar Faraj
(Leader o the Peshmerga)
- Massoud Barzani
(Leader o the Kurdistan Democratic Pairty)
- Jalal Talabani
(Leader o the Patriotic Union o Kurdistan)
- Nawshirwan Mustafa
(Depute Secretar General o the Patriotic Union o Kurdistan)
- Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim
(Leader o the Islamic Supreme Cooncil o Iraq)
- Abdul Aziz al-Hakim
(Leader o the ISCI Militar Weeng)
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Saddam Hussein (Preses o Iraq)
Others:
- Ali Hassan al-Majid
(General an Iraqi Intelligence Service heid)
- Taha Yassin Ramadan
(General an Depute Pairty Secretar)
- Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri
(Depute chairman, Revolutionary Command Cooncil)
- Abid Hamid Mahmud
(Lieutenant General)
- Salah Aboud Mahmoud
(General)
- Tariq Aziz
(Foreign Meenister an Revolutionary Command Cooncil member)
- Adnan Khairallah
(Meenister o Defence)
- Saddam Kamel
(Republican Gaird commander)
- Uday Hussein
(Son o Saddam Hussein)
- Qusay Hussein
(Son o Saddam Hussein)
- Maher Abd al-Rashid
(General)
- Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou
(Leader o the Democratic Pairty o Iranian Kurdistan)
- Massoud Rajavi
(Preses o the Naitional Cooncil o Resistance o Iran)
- Maryam Rajavi
(Co-leader o the PMOI)
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Units involved |
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see order o battle |
see order o battle |
Strenth |
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At the onset o the war:[13] 110,000–150,000 sodgers, 1,700–2,100 tanks,[14] (500 operable)[15] 1,000 armoured vehicles, 300 operable artillery pieces,[16] 485 fechter-bombers (~100 operable), 750 helicopters Efter Iraq widrew frae Iran in 1982: 350,000 sodgers, 700 tanks, 2,700 airmoured vehicles, 400 artillery pieces, 350 aircraft, 700 helicopters early 1988:[17] 600,000 sodgers, 1,000 operable tanks, 800 airmoured vehicles, 600 hivy artillery pieces, 60–80 fechter-bombers, 70–90 helicopters |
At the onset o the war:[18] 200,000 sodgers, 2,800 tanks, 4,000 APCs, 1,400 artillery pieces, 380 fechter-bombers, 350 helicopters Efter Iraq widrew frae Iran in 1982: 175,000 sodgers, 1,200 tanks, 2,300 airmoured vehicles, 400 artillery pieces, 450 aircraft, 180 helicopters At the end o the war: 1,500,000 sodgers,[19] ~5,000 tanks, 8,500–10,000 APCs, 6,000–12,000 artillery pieces, 900 fechter-bombers, 1,000 helicopters |
Casualties an losses |
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123,220–160,000 KIA an 60,711 MIA (Iranian claim)[20][21] 200,000–600,000 killed (ither estimates)[20][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] 800,000 killed (Iraqi claim)[20]
320,000–500,000 WIA[23][30][31]
40,000–42,875 POW[30][31]
11,000–16,000 ceevilian deid[20][21]
Economic loss of US$627 billion[22][32] |
105,000–375,000 killed[30][32][33][34][35] 250,000–500,000 (ither estimates)[36] 400,000 WIA[34]
70,000 POW[23][34]
Economic loss of $561 billion[22][32] |
100,000+ ceevilians killed on baith sides[37] (nae includin 50,000–100,000 ceevilians killed in the Al-Anfal campaign)[38]
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¹ The exact nummer o Iraqi Shia that focht alangside Iran is unkent. The Islamic Supreme Cooncil o Iraq an Islamic Dawa Pairty supportit Iran in the war. Iran wad whiles organise diveesions o Iraqi POWs tae fecht against Iraq. |